1.Isolation and identification of emodin from roots of Nho dong (Morinda longissima Y.Z.Ruan, Rubiaceae)
Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Information 2004;0(7):27-29
The authors studied total dry extract of roots of Nho dong – a valuable herb that Thai ethnic used to treat liver diseases, colitis and oedema. Roots collected at Chieng An commune, Son La town, Son La province. Isolating chemical components by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography, authors collected a substance called CP3. Results of spectral analyses by UV, IR, MS, and NMR techniques showed that CP3 was emodin
Medicine, Traditional
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Emodin
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Plant Roots
2.Plasma, tissue and urinary levels of aloin in rats after the administration of pure aloin.
Mi Young PARK ; Hoon Jeong KWON ; Mi Kyung SUNG
Nutrition Research and Practice 2008;2(1):17-21
Aloin is a physiologically active anthraquinone present in aloe. There are two isomers of aloin, aloin A and aloin B, occurring as a mixture of diastereomers. The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability and tissue distribution of aloin. Rats were gavaged with 11.8g/kg aloin, and the levels of aloin and its conjugates were measured in plasma, tissues, and urine. Plasma aloin level showed a peak at 1hr after the administration and the concentration was 59.07+/-10.5 ng/ml. The 24 h cumulated urinary aloin was 0.03% of the initial dose. These results suggest that aloin is absorbed and reaches a peak plasma level within 1-1.5 h after the administration and a significant portion is possibly metabolized or is excreted in feces. These results can apply to the determination of the adequate intake level of aloe and aloe products to achieve the desired biological effect, and to interprete in vitro study results.
Aloe
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Animals
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Biological Availability
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Emodin
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Feces
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Plasma
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Rats
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Tissue Distribution
3.Formulation optimization of emodin nanostructured lipid carriers by Box-Behnken response surface method and in vitro quality evaluation.
De-En HAN ; Yu-Feng XIN ; Heng-Chao WEI ; Xia-Li ZHU ; Ya-Min LIU ; Ping TIAN
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2022;47(4):913-921
Emodin nanostructured lipid carriers(ED-NLC) were prepared and their quality was evaluated in vitro. Based on the results of single-factor experiments, the ED-NLC formulation was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method with the dosages of emodin, isopropyl myristate and poloxamer 188 as factors and the nanoparticle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as evaluation indexes. Then the evaluation was performed on the morphology, size and in vitro release of the nanoparticles prepared by emulsification-ultrasonic dispersion method in line with the optimal formulation, i.e., 3.27 mg emodin, 148.68 mg isopropyl myristate and 173.48 mg poloxamer 188. Under a transmission electron microscope(TEM), ED-NLC were spherical and their particle size distribution was uniform. The particle size of ED-NLC was(97.02±1.55) nm, the polymer dispersion index 0.21±0.01, the zeta potential(-38.96±0.65) mV, the encapsulation efficiency 90.41%±0.56% and the drug loading 1.55%±0.01%. The results of differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) indicated that emodin may be encapsulated into the nanostructured lipid carriers in molecular or amorphous form. In vitro drug release had obvious characteristics of slow release, which accorded with the first-order drug release equation. The fitting model of Box-Behnken response surface methodology was proved accurate and reliable. The optimal formulation-based ED-NLC featured concentrated particle size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency, which laid a foundation for the follow-up study of ED-NLC in vivo.
Drug Carriers
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Emodin
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Follow-Up Studies
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Lipids
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Nanostructures
4.Anti-Helicobacter pylori Compounds from Polygonum cuspidatum.
Atif Ali Khan KHALIL ; Woo Sung PARK ; Hye Jin KIM ; Kazi Marjahan AKTER ; Mi Jeong AHN
Natural Product Sciences 2016;22(3):220-224
Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity guided fractionation led to the isolation of five anthraquinones, two stilbenes and one naphthoquinone from the EtOAc fraction of Polygonum cuspidatum, using silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex-LH20, MPLC and recrystallization. The chemical structures were identified to be physcion (1), emodin (2), anthraglycoside B (3), trans-resveratrol (4), anthraglycoside A (5), polydatin (6), 2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone (7) and citreorosein (8) by UV, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectrometry. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity including MIC values of each compound was evaluated. All of the isolates exhibited anti-H. pylori activity of which MIC values were lower than that of a positive control, quercetin. Compounds 2 and 7 showed potent growth inhibitory activity. Especially, a naphthoquinone, compound 7 displayed most potent antibacterial activity with MIC₅₀ value of 0.30 µM and MIC₉₀ value of 0.39 µM. Although anti-H. pylori activity of this plant was previously reported, this is the first report on that of compounds isolated from this species. From these findings, P. cuspidatum roots or its isolates may be useful for H. pylori infection and further study is needed to elucidate mechanism of action.
Anthraquinones
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Chromatography
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Emodin
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Fallopia japonica*
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Mass Spectrometry
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Plants
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Polygonum*
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Quercetin
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Silica Gel
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Stilbenes
5.Hair growth promoting effects of emodin in telogenic C57BL/6 mice.
Jung Min YON ; Seul Gi PARK ; Chunmei LIN ; Lee Wha GWON ; Jong Geol LEE ; In Jeoung BAEK ; Beom Jun LEE ; Young Won YUN ; Sang Yoon NAM
Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 2016;56(2):97-101
Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative from the roots of Rheum officinale Baill that possesses a variety of biological activities, including inhibition of 5α-reductase and prostaglandin D2. In this study, we investigated whether emodin promotes hair growth. After emodin was topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 N mice, the hair growth rate and morphological analysis were evaluated in dorsal skin for 15 days. After 13 days of treatment, minoxidil or emodin (0.01% or 0.1%)-treated groups showed remarkable regrowth of hairs relative to the vehicle control group. Scoring of the hair growth and rate of hair growth area for 15 days revealed that groups treated with minoxidil and 0.1% emodin were significantly higher than the vehicle control group. Histological examination revealed the emodin and minoxidil groups markedly recovered the number and morphology of hair follicles, including the subcutis depth, relative to the vehicle group. These results suggest that emodin has an excellent promoting effect in hair growth similar to that of minoxidil and might be useful for treatment of baldness or alopecia.
Alopecia
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Animals
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Emodin*
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Hair Follicle
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Hair*
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Mice*
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Minoxidil
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Prostaglandin D2
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Rheum
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Skin
6.Research progress in anti-tumor effect of emodin.
Wan-fu LIN ; Chen WANG ; Chang-quan LING
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2015;40(20):3937-3940
Emodin is one of the main active ingredient of Rheum palmatum, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and other effects. In recent years, it arouse concern since it has a significant anti-tumor effect with low toxicity. In this paper we mainly report the anti-cancer effects of emodin according to the studies of the past five years, including four parts such as inhibit tumor growth, inhibit migration and invasion, enhance the efficacy of combination therapy, increase chemosensitivity and attenuated side effects. We hope that our work may provide a reference for further study.
Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
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chemistry
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pharmacology
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Emodin
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chemistry
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pharmacology
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Humans
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Neoplasms
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drug therapy
7.Effect of emodin on induction of apoptosis in jurkat cells and its possible mechanisms.
Tian-Nan WEI ; Jian-Da HU ; Ying-Yu CHEN ; Xin-Ji CHEN ; Ting-Bo LIU ; Lian-Huang LÜ
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2009;17(5):1203-1206
The aim of study was to investigate the effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, emodin, on proliferation and apoptosis in T lymphocytic leukemic cell line Jurkat and its mechanisms. Cell proliferation inhibition was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by DNA ladder and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expressions of related proteins and caspase family members were determined by Western blot. The results showed that emodin inhibited proliferation in Jurkat cells, with an IC50 about 20 micromol/L and induced cell apoptosis in both time-and dose-dependent manners. The expressions of proliferation-related protein C-MYC, hTERT and apoptosis-related protein BCL-2 were down-regulated in a time dependent manner after the treatment with emodin. The expressions of procaspase-3, -8 and -9 all decreased while activated caspase-3 and PARP expressions were up-regulated. It is concluded that emodin can remarkably inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells. The down-regulation of proliferation-related proteins C-MYC, hTERT and apoptosis-related protein BCL-2 expressions and activation of caspase cascade may be involved in the process of apoptosis.
Apoptosis
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drug effects
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Caspases
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metabolism
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Cell Proliferation
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drug effects
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Emodin
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metabolism
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pharmacology
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Humans
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Jurkat Cells
8.Studies on identification and secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi strain E8 from Curcuma wenyujin.
Yanhong WANG ; Xiaomin WU ; Xindong YANG ; Xiaokun LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2011;36(6):770-774
OBJECTIVETo identify the endophyte strain E8 with high activity from Curcuma wenyujin and study its secondary metabolites.
METHODThe strain E8 was identified by morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis. Manifold chromatographic methods were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents of fermentation broth from strain E8, and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral data.
RESULTThe strain E8 belongs to P. oxalicum. Four compounds were isolated from the fermentation broth of this strain and elucidated as chrysophanol, emodin, secalonic acid A and beta-sitosterol.
CONCLUSIONThe endophyte P. oxalicum was isolated from medicinal plant Curcuma wenyujin for the first time. Four compounds were first isolated from endophytic fungus in C. wenyujin. Thus, microbial fermentation is a new access for these compounds production.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Curcuma ; microbiology ; Emodin ; analysis ; Fermentation ; Penicillium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Sitosterols ; analysis ; Xanthones ; analysis
9.Inhibitory effect of emodin on the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells in vitro.
Sheng-Zhang LIN ; He JING ; Xiao YANG
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2009;29(9):806-809
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of emodin on the differentiation, maturation and function of human dendritic cells (DC) in vitro.
METHODSCells isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were induced to dendritic cells (DC) with recombinant interleukin-4 and recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and different concentrations of emodin were added respectively in the cultured cells on the 5th and the 7th to obtain mature or immature DCs. The phenotype of DCs ( HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD14, CD11c) and the secretion of interleukin-12 (IL-12) were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the immune-stimulating function of DCs was evaluated by co-culture of DCs and self-T-lymphocytes.
RESULTSThe expression rate of CD80 and CD83 in the emodin group were 13.4% +/- 6.6% and 9.3% +/- 2.2% respectively; which were significantly lower than those in the control group (39.3% +/- 8.6% and 30.7% +/- 5.6%), respectively (P<0.05). IL-12 secretion of DCs was lower (1700.44 +/- 1000.21 microg/L vs 4500.60 +/- 1200.6 microg/L) but IL-10 secretion was higher (350.6 +/- 150.2 microg/L vs 230.7 +/- 90.1 microg/L) in the emodin group than in the control group (P<0.05). Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLR) examination showed that emodin could significantly inhibit the stimulation of DCs on self-T-lymphocyte proliferation.
CONCLUSIONEmodin could evidently suppress the maturation and immune stimulating function of DCs during their in vitro conversion process.
Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Emodin ; pharmacology ; Humans
10.Emodin Induces Apoptosis of K562/Adr Cells Probably through Akt-Caspase 3 Signal Pathway.
He-Yong ZHENG ; Wu-Qiang LIN ; Jian-Da HU ; Min-Hui LIN ; Lin-Jun XIE
Journal of Experimental Hematology 2015;23(6):1556-1559
OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of emodin on multidrug resistant leukemia cell line K562/Adr, and to explore the role of Akt-Caspase 3 signal pathway in apoptosis of K562/Adr cells treated with emodin.
METHODSK562/Adr cells were exposed to emodin of different doses. The ability of emodin to induce apoptosis of K562/Adr cells was detected by Annexin V/PI double labeled flow cytometry and DNA ploidy analysis, the expressions of procaspase-3, PARP, Akt, p-Akt protein were determined by Western blot.
RESULTSApoptosis in K562/Adr cells could be induced by emodin in a dose dependent manner, Western blot results showed that emodin down-regulated the expression levels of procaspase-3, Akt, p-Akt, PARA 116 KD in treated K562/Adr cells, up-regulated expressions leves of PARP 85 KD in a time-dependent manner.
CONCLUSIONThe Akt-Caspase 3 signal pathway may be involved in these processes.
Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Down-Regulation ; Emodin ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Signal Transduction