China ; Disaster Planning ; organization & administration ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; prevention & control ; therapy

Disaster Planning ; organization & administration ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Public Health ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the capacity for risk identification, assessment, and mitigation in public health emergency management in China.

METHODSFour provinces were randomly selected using stratified sampling. All the municipalities under these four provinces were assessed using the 3rd subscale (Risk Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Mitigation) of Preparedness and Response Capacity Questionnaire for Public Health Emergencies Used in Provincial or Municipal Governments, which was developed by the Center for Health Statistics and Information, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.

RESULTSSixty of 66 questionnaires (90.91%) were collected. Among 60 investigated municipalities, 35 (58%) identified the potential public health emergencies, 17 (28%) assessed the risks for the identified emergencies, and 5 (8%) conducted risk assessments for the locally accident-prone factories, mines, corporations, and big establishments, 6 (10%) identified the priorities in public health emergency management based on risk assessment, 6 (10%) developed special prevention strategies for main public health emergencies, 3 (5%) assessed the vulnerability of local residents to public health emergencies, and 34 (57%) assessed or were assessing the preparedness and response capacity for public health emergencies in the past 2 years. The mean of standard total score for risk identification, assessment, and mitigation was 24.05 (95% CI: 18.32, 29.77).

CONCLUSIONRisk identification, assessment, and mitigation still require further improvement in China, and both the central and local authorities should implement more effective and efficient measures.

Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Emergency Medical Services ; manpower ; organization & administration ; Liability, Legal ; Public Health Practice

China ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Emergency Medical Services ; manpower ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Public Health Practice

Tianjin Medical University General Hospital treated 233 wounded in 8.12 Tinjin Port explosion. Here we would like to analyze the treatment process for the wounded, and share the experiences of orga- nization and management for emergency rescue operation.
Blast Injuries ; therapy ; China ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Explosions ; Hospitals, University ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Triage

OBJECTIVE: To develop a capacity questionnaire in public health emergency for Chinese local governments. METHODS: Literature reviews, conceptual modelling, stake-holder analysis, focus group, interview, and Delphi technique were employed together to develop the questionnaire. Classical test theory and case study were used to assess the reliability and validity. RESULTS: (1) A 2-dimension conceptual model was built. A preparedness and response capacity questionnaire in public health emergency with 10 dimensions and 204 items, was developed. (2) Reliability and validity results. Internal consistency: except for dimension 3 and 8, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of other dimensions was higher than 0.60. The alpha coefficients of dimension 3 and dimension 8 were 0.59 and 0.39 respectively; Content validity: the questionnaire was recognized by the investigatees; Construct validity: the Spearman correlation coefficients among the 10 dimensions fluctuated around 0.50, ranging from 0.26 to 0.75 (P<0.05); Discrimination validity: comparisons of 10 dimensions among 4 provinces did not show statistical significance using One-way analysis of variance (P>0.05). Criterion-related validity: case study showed significant difference among the 10 dimensions in Beijing between February 2003 (before SARS event) and November 2005 (after SARS event). CONCLUSION The preparedness and response capacity questionnaire in public health emergency is a reliable and valid tool, which can be used in all provinces and municipalities in China.
China ; Community Health Services ; Disaster Planning ; organization & administration ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Public Health ; education ; Risk Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The three links theory applied in trauma emergency care system refers to an integrated system with the three important components of trauma emergency care system, viz. prehospital trauma services, hospital trauma services and critical care services. The development of the trauma emergency care system should be guided by the three links theory so as to set up a practical and highly efficient system: a prompt operating and monitoring transportation system, a smooth and real-time information system, a rational and sustainable system of regulations and contingency plans, and a system for cultivating all-round trauma physicians.
China ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated ; organization & administration ; Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems ; organization & administration ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Emergency Medicine ; organization & administration ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Models, Organizational ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Transportation of Patients ; organization & administration ; Wounds and Injuries ; therapy

In this paper, an emergency telemedicine system was designed for the transmission of real-time multimedia for remote consultation, including radiological images, patient records, video-conferencing, full-quality video, ECG, BP, respiration, temperature, SpO2, systolic and diastolic pressures and heart rate. The standardized, modular, software-based design architecture, without resorting to external hardware compression boards, enables the low-cost implementation of the telemedicine system, using the unified, systematic and compact integration of multimedia on general personal computers. Experimental tests on local networks analyze the technical aspects of designed systems, and inter-hospital experiments demonstrate its clinical usefulness.
*Computer Systems ; Computers ; Emergency Medical Services/*organization & administration ; Emergency Service, Hospital/*organization & administration ; Equipment Design ; Human ; Pilot Projects ; Remote Consultation/*organization & administration ; Software ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Telemedicine/*organization & administration

PURPOSE: Pediatric facial laceration takes a huge part of patients visiting emergency room and generates social attention for its proper emergency care. So much more attention should be paid to the proper treatment at emergency care unit, and furthermore, thorough survey of background information of the pediatric facial laceration may offer more proper prevention. METHODS: According to annual reports of 2009 and 2010, out of 5149 facial laceration patients who were given primary medical care at our clinic, 1452 patients were aged under 15 years old. Retrospective analysis of each pediatric facial lacerations were evaluated according to gender, age, periodic table, cause of injury, place of injury, sites of injury and so on. RESULTS: Pediatric facial laceration was found to occur mostly at 1 year old as they learn to walk and explore their environment. Evaluated analysis revealed that pediatric facial accidents occurred mostly on forehead region (75%), on Sundays, from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m., at home(61.5%). Most common cause of injury was collision(54.5%). CONCLUSION: In large group of pediatric facial laceration cases provided us with an surprising fact that accidents most commonly occur under parental supervision. This fact gives an actual understanding regarding pediatric facial laceration and more realistic approach in its prevention strategy.
Aged ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Facial Injuries ; Forehead ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Lacerations ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Organization and Administration ; Parents ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies