Retrospective study 34,590 trauma patients at Emergency department in Viet Duc Hospital in 2004 with traffic accident: 20,184, occupational accident 2536 and other accident: 11,870 cases. Result: Patient needs emergency operation - (scheduled operations and minor operations were excluded): 6469 cases (12%), trauma: 4299 case (66%), pathology: 2170 cases (34%). Among 4299 cases with emergency operation, traffic accident is cause of 2586 cases (transfer back home: 870, death: 243; 60%); life accident: 1086 cases (transfer back home: 86, death: 30; 25 %), occupational accident: 627 (transfer back home: 75, death: 27;15%). Emergency operation rate due to pathology is 4 time less than traffic accident. Operation on gastro abdomen :1105 case (51%), liver 479 (22%,) and followed by disease of urinary, cardiology and chest, brain and less on disease on muscle, born thrititis: 3%.
Surgery ; Emergencies ; Epidemiology

Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Social Support

INTRODUCTIONPerioperative anaphylaxis is an anaesthetic emergency, but its incidence is not well described in the local literature. This retrospective study aims to look at a group of patients who had perioperative anaphylaxis in our institution.

METHODSWe conducted a retrospective review of electronic databases and clinical case sheets, and identified 34 patients who had possible perioperative anaphylaxis during anaesthesia in our institution between 1 January 2007 and 30 April 2012.

RESULTSAfter reviewing clinical and biochemical data, we found that 16 out of 151,876 patients who underwent surgery had confirmed perioperative anaphylaxis, an incidence of 1:10,000. Neuromuscular blockers were identified as the most common causative agent for perioperative anaphylaxis. The offending agent could not be identified in seven patients.

CONCLUSIONTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Southeast Asia on the incidence of perioperative anaphylaxis. Having a preoperative history of allergy did not seem to predispose patients to the subsequent development of perioperative anaphylaxis.

Adult ; Anaphylaxis ; epidemiology ; Emergencies ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Tertiary Care Centers

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics and the psychosocial factors associated to the referral to psychiatric care in the suicide attempters visiting emergency center. METHODS: We conducted a systematic chart review of 377 suicidal attempters visiting emergency center of the Korea University Ansan Hospital between January 2008 and December 2011. We gathered a data contain 20 items including psychosocial characteristics and factors related to suicide and factors related to psychiatric treatment. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to data to estimate the unique effects of sex, drunken status, companion, suicidal methods, place of suicide and current use of psychiatric medication on the referral to psychiatric care. RESULTS: The female gender(OR=1.63, 95% CI=0.99-2.69), suicidal attempts at home(OR=3.40, 95% I=1.21-9.56) and drunken state at visit(OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.10-5.01) are the factors that predict the risk of the non-referral of the patients to psychiatric intervention. Place of suicidal attempt was the most important factor do play a role in determining whether referral to psychiatric care will take place or not. Current use of psychiatric medication showed a trend toward significance(p=0.08, OR=1.67, 95% CI=0.95-2.95). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that when deciding whether to adapt or to refuse the referral to psychiatric care, the factors such as suicidal intent, lethality of suicide methods, familiar factors and alcohol may contribute onto the referral to psychiatric care. Additional research is required to investigate an association of these factors with referral to psychiatric care.
Emergencies* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Friends ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Methods ; Psychology ; Referral and Consultation* ; Suicide*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of patients who visited emergency departments (EDs) after intentional poisoning in Korea. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of of 23 hospitals during a five-year period, between 2011 and 2015. We included patients who inflicted injury to themselves - attempt of suicide - by means of poisoning. RESULTS: A total of 18,121 patients visited an ED after intentional poisoning. Among them, 58.3% were females; however, there were more males among those aged 60 years or older. The mortality rate for males was 8.6%, which was 3.1 times higher than that for females with 2.8%. The most common poison was pesticides (35.4%) in males and sedative-hypnotics (44.0%) in females. The most common causative agent of death was pesticide in both sexes (75.2% and 65.3%, respectively). Since the production of paraquat was discontinued in 2011, the number of deaths from pesticide poisoning has decreased. The mortality rate declined in both males and females, from 12.6% and 4.5% in 2011 to 7.1% and 2.1% in 2015, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, we analyzed the epidemiologic characteristics of intentional poisoning, especially the frequency of suicide attempts by gender and age group, the cause of suicide, and the causative agent. This can be used as basic data for establishing policies to reduce and prevent suicide attempts by poisoning.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Paraquat ; Pesticides ; Poisoning* ; Retrospective Studies ; Suicide

BACKGROUND: Early detection of underlying renal dysfunction among emergency patients is important, particularly before imaging studies using contrast media. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from creatinine values is useful in situations requiring rapid evaluation and detection of renal impairment. METHODS: We evaluated the concordance of eGFR determined using the whole blood creatinine test by Nova CCX (Cr-CCX WB; Nova Biomedical, USA) method and the serum creatinine test by Roche Integra 800 (Cr-RE Serum; Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland) enzymatic method, which is known to be traceable to the isotope dilution mass spectrometric (ID-MS) reference method. RESULTS: Compared to Cr-RE Serum (x), Cr-CCX WB (y) showed good correlation but unacceptable total error and negative proportional bias (Deming regression, y=0.92x+0.02; r=0.98; n=61). However, when we adjusted the Cr-CCX WB values with a new slope and offset derived from the Deming regression analysis with Cr-RE Serum, the concordance rate improved from 0.77 to 0.93 (as measured by kappa statistics), and total errors became acceptable except at 1 level. When we used the ID-MS traceable eGFR formula, the Nova CCX demonstrated sufficient sensitivity (93.5%) and specificity (100%) for the detection of renal dysfunction (eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in patients. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that if we adjusted the harmonizing factors of Nova CCX according to the ID-MS traceable method, then the Nova CCX might be a relatively accurate point-of-care creatinine analyzer for detecting renal dysfunction among patients undergoing urgent imaging studies with radiological contrast media.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Contrast Media ; Creatinine ; Emergencies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases are the greatest threat to mankind in the 21st century, and pose an even more significant threat than nuclear weapons. The first step in preparing for and responding to such public health emergencies is to conduct thorough surveillance and rapid epidemiological investigations. Especially in the case of public health emergencies, most information is not smoothly transmitted. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the emergency and to collect data quickly and efficiently by defining the minimum necessary data and information. In addition, these data should be analyzed and interpreted promptly, and countermeasures and strategies should be developed and utilized in preparedness and response activities. Epidemiological investigations should also be carried out promptly in accordance with the emergency situation, and in particular, if the infection source is not known, maximal measures should be taken to prevent epidemiologists from becoming infected. In order to carry out surveillance and epidemiological investigations effectively in the future in the event of a public health emergency, continuous efforts should be made to nurture professional manpower, international cooperation, and use of the latest information technology.
Communicable Diseases* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Emergencies* ; Epidemiology ; International Cooperation ; Nuclear Weapons ; Public Health*

PURPOSE: This descriptive correlational study investigated the effects of violent experience and resilience on burnout in emergency medical technicians (EMTs). METHODS: The participants were 160 EMTs working in fire stations (safety center and local center) located in U, B, and D city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test post-hoc analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. RESULTS: The number of EMTs getting into ambulances was significantly associated with violent experience, resilience, and burnout. Position of EMTs was significantly associated with both resilience and burnout. In the multiple regression analysis, the subscales of durability and optimism in resilience were significantly associated with burnout after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that improving durability and optimism in resilience was important to cope with experience of violence and to prevent burnout in EMTs.
Ambulances ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Technicians* ; Fires ; Humans ; Optimism ; Violence

OBJECTIVETo describe the experience of the China CDC in rebuilding reporting capacity and response to the Sichuan earthquake through use of mobile phones.

METHODSSoftware engineering and business modeling are used to design and develop a cell phone-based reporting system. The PDA-based system used by the Field Adapted Survey Toolkit (FAST) was deployed

RESULTSApproximately one week after deployment of the mobile phone-based reporting system, the cumulative reporting rate reached the same level (81%) as the same period in 2007. In the Sichuan provincial pilot investigation for infectious disease, 1339 records were collected using PDAs developed and deployed by FAST.

CONCLUSIONThe mobile-based system is recognized as a quick and effective response solution to this public health challenge. Our experience suggests that mobile-based data collection tools provide faster, cleaner, standardized, and shareable data for critical decision making. This system could be adapted as complementary to national infectious disease reporting systems after natural disaster occurrences.

Cell Phone ; China ; Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; Disease Notification ; methods ; Earthquakes ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; methods

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a vector-borne flavivirus. It was initially identified in Uganda in 1947, and the first human infection was reported in Nigeria in 1953. Since 2015, ZIKV has been spreading rapidly in Brazil and the Americas. Given its general symptoms, ZIKV is considered to be a mild, febrile illness, although it is associated with severe neurologic complications. On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). We conducted a review of the literature on the epidemiology and transmission, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of ZIKV. Additionally, we introduce original literature on the current ZIKV outbreak in this review.
Americas ; Brazil ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Epidemiology ; Flavivirus ; Humans ; Nigeria ; Public Health ; Uganda ; World Health Organization ; Zika Virus*