Interventional embolization therapy is widely used for procedures such as targeted tumour therapy, anti-organ hyperactivity and haemostasis. During embolic agent injection, doctors need to work under X-ray irradiation environment. Moreover, embolic agent injection is largely dependent on doctors' experience and feelings, and over-injection of embolic agent can lead to reflux, causing ectopic embolism and serious complications. As an effective way to reduce radiation exposure and improve the success rate of interventional embolization therapy, embolic agent injection robot is highly anticipated, but how to decide the injection flow velocity of embolic agent is a problem that remains to be solved. On the basis of fluid dynamics simulation and experiment, we established an arterial pressure-injection flow velocity boundary curve model that can avoid reflux, which provides a design basis for the control of embolic agent injection system. An in vitro experimental platform for injection system was built and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the embolic agent injection flow speed curve designed under the guidance of the critical flow speed curve model of reflux could effectively avoid the embolic agent reflux and shorten the embolic agent injection time. Exceeding the flow speed limit of the model would lead to the risk of embolization of normal blood vessels. This paper confirms the validity of designing the embolic agent injection flow speed based on the critical flow speed curve model of reflux, which can achieve rapid injection of embolic agent while avoiding reflux, and provide a basis for the design of the embolic agent injection robot.
Embolization, Therapeutic/methods*

BACKGROUNDStent placement has been widely used to assist coiling in cerebral aneurysm treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stenting on wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.

METHODSThree idealized plexiglass aneurismal models with different geometries before and after stenting were created, and their three-dimensional computational models were constructed. Flow dynamics in stented and unstented aneurismal models were studied using in vitro flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In addition, effects of stenting on flow dynamics in a patient-specific aneurysm model were also analyzed by CFD.

RESULTSThe results of flow visualization were consistent with those obtained with CFD simulations. Stent deployment reduced vortex inside the aneurysm and its impact on the aneurysm sac, and decreased wall shear stress on the sac. Different aneurysm geometries dictated fundamentally different hemodynamic patterns and outcomes of stenting.

CONCLUSIONSStenting across the neck of aneurysms improves local blood flow profiles. This may facilitate thrombus formation in aneurysms and decrease the chance of recanalization.

Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Hydrodynamics ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Stents

In order to realize the guide wire tele-manipulation in intervention operation, a method for guide wire motion detection with laser mouse sensor is proposed and experiments are carried out. On that basis, a guide wire tele-manipulation system which consists of guide wire detection appliance, guide wire manipulation appliance, and master slave type software is designed. Experiments are conducted on the system and acquired needed data, so that relationships between operating time and the distance from guide wire tip to destination and the angle are analyzed. The results validate the feasibility of the system and provide good foundation for future research.
Catheterization ; instrumentation ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Lasers

Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery

Bariatric Surgery ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Humans ; Obesity ; blood ; surgery ; therapy

Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Hemangioma ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Iodized Oil ; therapeutic use ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia ; therapy

Embolization therapy has been used as the initial treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) only for certain patients or in certain medical institutions due to its minimal invasiveness, but the recurrence of embolization remains a clinical challenge. The recurrent patient usually exhibits a gradual onset of symptoms and progressive deterioration of neurological function. Developing paraplegia several hours after embolization is commonly seen in patients with venous thrombosis-related complications, for which anticoagulation therapy is often administered. This article reports on a SDAVF patient who had weakness of both lower extremities before embolization and developed complete paraplegia several hours after embolization therapy, later confirmed by angiography as fistula recurrence. The symptoms were relieved gradually after second embolization. The pathophysiology of this patient is also discussed.
Aged ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Paraplegia ; diagnosis

BACKGROUNDSeveral difficulties can arise from wide-neck cerebral aneurysms when treated with endovascular embolization. We aimed to investigate the effect of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using coil embolization plus an Enterprise stent.

METHODSForty patients were treated with coil embolization plus an Enterprise stent between December 2008 and June 2010.

RESULTSThe mortality of patients was 0. All stents were successfully implanted without any surgery-related complication.

CONCLUSIONThe Enterprise stent has some advantages to be selected.

Adult ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; surgery ; therapy ; Male ; Stents

Child ; Chronic Disease ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; therapy

Arteriovenous Fistula ; complications ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult