Interventional embolization therapy is widely used for procedures such as targeted tumour therapy, anti-organ hyperactivity and haemostasis. During embolic agent injection, doctors need to work under X-ray irradiation environment. Moreover, embolic agent injection is largely dependent on doctors' experience and feelings, and over-injection of embolic agent can lead to reflux, causing ectopic embolism and serious complications. As an effective way to reduce radiation exposure and improve the success rate of interventional embolization therapy, embolic agent injection robot is highly anticipated, but how to decide the injection flow velocity of embolic agent is a problem that remains to be solved. On the basis of fluid dynamics simulation and experiment, we established an arterial pressure-injection flow velocity boundary curve model that can avoid reflux, which provides a design basis for the control of embolic agent injection system. An in vitro experimental platform for injection system was built and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the embolic agent injection flow speed curve designed under the guidance of the critical flow speed curve model of reflux could effectively avoid the embolic agent reflux and shorten the embolic agent injection time. Exceeding the flow speed limit of the model would lead to the risk of embolization of normal blood vessels. This paper confirms the validity of designing the embolic agent injection flow speed based on the critical flow speed curve model of reflux, which can achieve rapid injection of embolic agent while avoiding reflux, and provide a basis for the design of the embolic agent injection robot.
Embolization, Therapeutic/methods*

BACKGROUNDStent placement has been widely used to assist coiling in cerebral aneurysm treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stenting on wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.

METHODSThree idealized plexiglass aneurismal models with different geometries before and after stenting were created, and their three-dimensional computational models were constructed. Flow dynamics in stented and unstented aneurismal models were studied using in vitro flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In addition, effects of stenting on flow dynamics in a patient-specific aneurysm model were also analyzed by CFD.

RESULTSThe results of flow visualization were consistent with those obtained with CFD simulations. Stent deployment reduced vortex inside the aneurysm and its impact on the aneurysm sac, and decreased wall shear stress on the sac. Different aneurysm geometries dictated fundamentally different hemodynamic patterns and outcomes of stenting.

CONCLUSIONSStenting across the neck of aneurysms improves local blood flow profiles. This may facilitate thrombus formation in aneurysms and decrease the chance of recanalization.

Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Hydrodynamics ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Stents

In order to realize the guide wire tele-manipulation in intervention operation, a method for guide wire motion detection with laser mouse sensor is proposed and experiments are carried out. On that basis, a guide wire tele-manipulation system which consists of guide wire detection appliance, guide wire manipulation appliance, and master slave type software is designed. Experiments are conducted on the system and acquired needed data, so that relationships between operating time and the distance from guide wire tip to destination and the angle are analyzed. The results validate the feasibility of the system and provide good foundation for future research.
Catheterization ; instrumentation ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Lasers

Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery

Bariatric Surgery ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Humans ; Obesity ; blood ; surgery ; therapy

Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Hemangioma ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Iodized Oil ; therapeutic use ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia ; therapy

Interstitial ectopic pregnancy is a rare condition of pregnancy and may be very dangerous if not identified and treated urgently. We report a case of successful treatment of an interstitial pregnancy using selective uterine artery embolization. A 27-year-old woman with interstitial pregnancy was treated by uterine artery embolization after failure of systemic methotrexate treatment. Her serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) was undetectable one month after the therapeutic embolization and transvaginal sonography 31 days after embolization showed normal endometrium and cornu. The patient achieved a normal pregnancy eight months after embolization.
Adult ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic/*therapy/ultrasonography ; Uterus/*blood supply

Renovascular hypertension is caused by narrowing of the arteries supplying the kidneys. There are several methods to treat renal artery stenosis, such as medications, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, and atherosclerosis. A boy presented to our hospital with severe hypertension. Computed tomography angiogram revealed severe narrowing of the left renal artery and hypoplastic left kidney. Total renal artery embolizaton was performed to make a complete occlusion of the left renal artery. Follow-up renin and aldosterone levels were gradually decreased. The main advantage of renal artery embolization is that it is minimally invasive compared with extensive surgical procedures. Therefore, renal artery embolization should be considered as an alternative to surgical nephrectomy in pediatric patients with renovascular hypertension.
Child ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Humans ; Hypertension, Renovascular/*therapy ; Male ; Renal Artery

OBJECTIVETo study the surgical approach and curative effect of the "interlocking basket" technique in interventional therapy for longitudinal intracranial aneurysm.

METHODSThirty-eight Hunt and Hess Grade I-III patients with longitudinal intracranial aneurysm underwent interventional therapy using the "interlocking basket" technique. During the operation, the aneurysm was divided into two segments based on its length and occluded with two coils. The first coil with a transverse diameter matching that of the aneurysm was deployed to form a "basket", which was densely occluded, and a portion of this coil out of the "basket" was interlocked with the second coil to form another "basket" crossing the aneurysmal neck to prevent the coils from escaping till the neck of the aneurysm was densely occluded.

RESULTSThirty-five aneurysms (92.1%) were completely embolized, and 3 (7.9%) were 95% embolized. No coil escaping from the aneurysm neck or other complications occurred. Twenty-five patients were discharged with a GOS score of 5 (65.8%), 7 (18.4%) with a score of 4, and 6 (15.8%) had a score of 3. In the follow-up for 3-25 months after the embolization, angiography was performed in 28 cases, and recurrence was found in 2 cases (7.14%).

CONCLUSIONThe "interlocking basket" technique can increase the coil stability in longitudinal intracranial aneurysm and allows reliable block of the aneurysm neck and dense embolization of the aneurysm to improve the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Aged ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo calculate the volume embolization ratio of densely packing experimental aneurysms by three dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA).

METHODSSix experimental crotch aneurysms were created microsurgically in the common carotid artery of white rabbits. Two weeks later, each aneurysm's volume was measured with 3D-DSA surface shaded display(SSD) and the correction of lacteprene balloon calibration method. In the same time, the aneurysms were densely packed with electric detachable coils. The volume of coils that were used in each aneurysm was calculated separately. The ratio of coils volume and aneurysm volume was the volume embolization ratio (VER).

RESULTSThe aneurysms volumes measured by 3D DSA SSD ranged from 0.037 to 0.087 ml. The VER ranged from 23.5% to 32.5% (average 27.4%).

CONCLUSIONThe minimum VER of densely packing experimental crotch aneurysms with electronic detachable coils was 23.5%.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Animals ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Rabbits