OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictors for 'quitting' among male smokers in a smoking cessation clinic.

METHODSThe target population consisted of smokers who volunteered to seek treatment for cessation at our clinic in Beijing. Smokers received face-to-face counseling and psychological intervention at the first visit by trained physicians and standardized telephone discussion, was carried out with counselors at 1 week, 1/3/6 months a follow-up study. The main outcomes would involve 'successful quitting' at the 7-day point, continuous quit rates at 3 and 6 months as well as the predictors of 'quitting'.

RESULTSFrom October 2008 to December 2012, we collected 355 eligible male smokers among whom 255 had completed the 6-month follow-up program. Results from the analysis (n = 255) showed that the quitting rates at the 7-day point and 3 months were 34.9% and 25.5%, while the rates were 25.1% and 18.3% among the 355 smokers who had the intention for treatment. Data from the stepwise logistic regression model analysis showed that lower exhaled CO level at the first visit, higher perceived confidence in quitting, lower expenditure on cigarettes and had diagnosed tobacco-related chronic diseases by physicians, were important predictors for quitting smoking. The main reasons of failure to quit were addiction of tobacco cigarette, craving for cigarettes to relieve pressure from work, peer influence from other smokers, lack of mental preparation and perseverance to quit, etc.

CONCLUSIONSmokers who smoked less cigarettes, had higher perceived confidence in quitting and had physician-diagnosed tobacco-related chronic diseases seemed easier to quit. Regular follow-up intervention services for smokers should be established to enhance the motivation for quitting so as to create a favorable environment for the smokers.

Adult ; Counseling ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Smoking Cessation ; methods ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between waist circumference and the prevalence/control of hypertension in an urban elderly population.

METHODSFrom September 2009 to June 2010, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Wanshoulu area of Beijing, China.

RESULTSA total of 2 035 elderly (828 male, 1 207 females) participants aged ≥60 years from a community were included in this study for data analysis. We found that the increased waist circumference could significantly increase the risk of prevalence and poor control of hypertension, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) as 1.04 (1.01-1.08) and 0.96 (0.92-1.00) , respectively. Among those identified pure central obesity females (64.7%) , the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher than those females with normal body mass index (BMI) or with normal waist circumference (52.2%). The adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) between the above said groups appeared as 1.58 (1.07-2.32). The control rate of hypertension among females (32.9%) with pure central obesity, was lower than that of the females with normal BMI and waist circumference (43.5%) , with an adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) as 0.62 (0.37-1.04, P=0.071).

CONCLUSIONThere appeared significant association between people with pure central obesity and the increased risk of prevalence or with poor control of hypertension. More attention should be paid to both the prevalence and control of hypertension programs among females with pure central obesity.

Aged ; Beijing ; epidemiology ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Waist Circumference

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its sex specific difference among community elder population in China.

METHODSA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the old people aged ≥60 years and selected through a two stage cluster random sampling in a community in Beijing from September 2009 to Jun 2010. The standard international case definitions of MS (2009) and CKD (2012) were used.

RESULTSA total of 2 102 old people aged 60-95 years, including 848 males and 1 254 females, were surveyed. The prevalence of MS and CKD were 59.1% and 12.6% respectively. The prevalence of CKD increased from 2.9% to 18.3% with the increase of the forms of MS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the ORs of MS for decreased renal function, albuminuria and CKD were 2.13 (95% CI: 1.39-2.26), 1.99 (95% CI: 1.41-2.82) and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.52-2.71) respectively, and the risk of CKD increased with the forms of MS. The impact of MS on decreased renal function was stronger in females (OR: 2.19 vs. 1.89), but the impact of MS on albuminuria was stronger in males (OR: 1.22 vs. 2.13).

CONCLUSIONThere was a strong and sex specific association between MS and CKD among the community elder population in Beijing.

Aged ; Albuminuria ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; epidemiology ; Sex Distribution

Genetic Loci ; Humans ; Obesity ; genetics

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to assess the secular changes of BMI, prevalence rates of overweight and obesity as well as related factors in an elderly population of Beijing, during 2001 and 2010.

METHODSA two-round population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an elderly population, selected from a representative urban area in Beijing in 2001 (n = 2 277) and 2010 (n = 2 102) respectively.

RESULTSIn this population, the age-adjusted means on BMI were 25.3 (95%CI, 25.1-25.5) for men and 25.8 (95%CI, 25.5-25.9) for women in 2001, and 25.0 (95%CI, 24.8-25.1) and 25.0 (95%CI, 24.7-25.1) in 2010, respectively, which all significantly declined. According to the WHO criteria, related data were shown as follows:the age standardized prevalence rates of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) were 48.3% among men and 46.3% among women in 2001, 44.5% and 39.9% for men and women in 2010 respectively; the age-standardized prevalence rates of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)were 5.4% on men and 11.6% on women in 2001, but declined to 4.9% and 7.3% in 2010 respectively; the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were both significantly declined in women, but not in men. However, according to WGOC criteria, the age standardized prevalence rates on overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²) were 47.9% in men and 44.9% in women in 2001, and were 47.2% and 41.0% respectively for men and women in 2010; the age-standardized prevalence rates of obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m²) were 19.2% in men and 24.2% in women in 2001, both significantly declined to 15.5% and 18.0% in 2010, respectively. Positive correlations were found between the levels of blood pressure, glucose and lipids and BMI. Results from multiple factors logistic regression analysis also indicated that healthy lifestyle including reducing cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and increasing daily exercises in the last 10 years, also played roles in the decrease of prevalence rates on both overweight and obesity.

CONCLUSIONThe mean BMI and prevalence rates of overweight and obesity decreased in the last 10-year period, 2001-2010. Hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia remained as risk factors of overweight and obesity. Healthy lifestyle in elderly seemed partially account for the declined BMI.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of intervention on tobacco related knowledge, attitudes and practice of smokers.

METHODSAn observational study was conducted among the smokers seeking counsel at smoking cessation clinic in our hospital from October 2008 to August 2013. First, a face to face counsel and mental intervention for more than 30 minutes was given to smoker, then 4 interventions through telephone call for 15-20 minutes for each time were conducted 1 week later, 1 month later, 3 months later and 6 months later, respectively. The controls were smokers receiving health examination in our hospital. No interventions were conducted among them. The tobacco related knowledge, attitudes and practice at baseline survey and follow up 1 year later were compared between intervention group and control group.

RESULTSThe intervention group included 414 smokers and the control group included 213 smokers. Intentional analysis indicated that the awareness/acceptance rates of 5 items about tobacco related knowledge and attitudes at follow up 1 year later was higher than those at baseline survey in intervention group. The smoking cessation rate was 27.3% in intervention group and 4.7% in control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the smoking cessation rate was positively correlated with intervention, female, highly nicotine dependence and positive change of tobacco related knowledge and attitudes (smoking can cause heart disease, all kinds of tobacco advertisements should be prohibited, smoking waste money and restaurant should be smoking free) with OR (95% CI): 2.85 (2.00-4.07), 3.34 (1.23-9.07), 2.78 (1.64-4.72), 2.30 (1.03-5.15), 5.33 (1.47-19.32), 6.32 (1.56-25.62) and 10.47 (2.25-48.84), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe awareness rate of tobacco related harm was high among the smokers seeking counsel at smoking cessation clinic. Systematic smoking cessation intervention can improve smokers' tobacco related knowledge and attitudes and increase smoking cessation rate.

Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Use Disorder