Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases ; Disease Notification ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; methods

Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Immunization

China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo analyze the implement performance of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) of 31 provinces in mainland China, and to provide the evidences for further promoting the application and improvement of this system.

METHODSThe amount of signals, response situation and verification outcome of signals related to 32 infectious diseases of 31 provinces in mainland China in CIDARS were investigated from 2011 to 2013, the changes by year on the proportion of responded signals and timeliness of signal response were descriptively analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 960 831 signals were generated nationwide on 32 kinds of infectious diseases in the system, with 98.87% signals (949 936) being responded, and the median (the 25(th) percentile to the 75(th) percentile (P25-P75) ) of time to response was 1.0 (0.4-3.3) h. Among all the signals, 242 355 signals were generated by the fixed-value detection method, the proportion of responded signals was 96.37% (62 349/64 703), 98.75% (68 413/69 282) and 99.37% (107 690/108 370), respectively, and the median (P25-P75) of time to response was 1.3 (0.3-9.7), 0.8(0.2-4.9) and 0.7 (0.2-4.2) h, respectively. After the preliminary data verification, field investigation and laboratory test by local public health staffs, 100 232 cases (41.36%) were finally confirmed.In addition, 718 476 signals were generated by the temporal aberration detection methods, and the average amount of signal per county per week throughout the country were 1.53, and 8 155 signals (1.14%) were verified as suspected outbreaks. During these 3 years, the proportion of signal response was 98.89% (231 149/233 746), 98.90% (254 182/257 015) and 99.31% (226 153/227 715), respectively, and the median (P25-P75) of time to response was 1.1 (0.5-3.3), 1.0 (0.5-2.9) and 1.0 (0.5-2.6) h, respectively.

CONCLUSIONFrom 2011 to 2013, the proportion of responded signals and response timeliness of CIDARS maintained a rather high level, and further presented an increasing trend year by year. But the proportion of signals related to suspected outbreaks should be improved.

China ; Communicable Diseases ; Disease Notification ; Disease Outbreaks ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyze the viral etiologies of hospitalized pneumonia patients aged less than five years in six provinces during 2009-2012, and to describe the seasonality of the detected viral etiologies.

METHODSEight hospitals were selected in six provinces from a national acute respiratory infection surveillance network. Demographic information, clinical history and physical examination, and laboratory testing results of the enrolled hospitalized patients aged less than five years with pneumonia, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human influenza virus, adenoviruses (ADV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronavirus (hCoV)and human bocavirus (hBoV) were analyzed. The viral etiology spectrum of the enrolled patients was analyzed by age-group, year, and seasonality of the detected viral etiologies were described.

RESULTS4 508 hospitalized children less than five years old, with pneumonia from 8 hospitals were included, and 2 688 (59.6%) patients were positive for at least one viral etiology. The most frequent detected virus was RSV (21.3%), followed by PIV (7.1%) and influenza (5.2%), hBoV (3.8%), ADV(3.6%) and hMPV(2.6%). The lowest positive rates in hCoV(1.1%). RSV, influenza, PIV, hBoV and hMPV all showed the nature of seasonality.

CONCLUSIONRSV was a most common viral etiology in the hospitalized young children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia. Prevention measures should be conducted to decrease its severe impact to the young infants and children in China.

Child, Hospitalized ; statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; virology