OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiological characteristics and changing trend of HCV-related children in Henan province.

METHODSData was analyzed based on the case-reporting records on hepatitis C from 2008 to 2013.

RESULTSThe number of reported cases and incidence of HCV-related children had increased annually from 2008 to 2012. The reported incidence on HCV-related children increased from 2.37 per 100 000 in 2008, to 3.23 per 100 000 in 2012, but it decreased to 1.77 per 100 000 in 2013. Reported cases on females increased annually. The 0-1 age group had the largest proportion but it decreased annually. Large cities as Zhengzhou, had high incidence, and the mobile population within the province also showed an annual increase, from 49.02% in 2008, to 59.77% in 2013. Time between onset and diagnosis(days) of the disease increased and the M and IQR from 2008 to 2013 appeared as 0(0-2), 0(0-2), 1(0-2), 1(0-3), 1(0-5) and 1(0-3).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of HCV-related children in Henan province showed an annual increase, along with the increasing trend of mobile population in the province as well as the longer time span between onset and diagnosis of the disease. It is suggested that strengthening the program on monitor, as well as on effective prevention and control measures be in place accordingly. Targets should also be focused on pregnant women, migrants, other key groups, so as to better perform on early detection and treatment.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Female ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study hepatitis C virus infection and related factors among newly reported HIV infections in Henan province.

METHODSBoth HIV-1 BED incidence and anti-HCV tests were applied on newly reported HIV-1 infections between 1 Jul. 2012 to 30 Jun. 2013 in Henan province.

RESULTS2049 HIV-1 infections were newly reported between 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013 in Henan province, with the positive rate of anti-HCV as 14.87% (271/1 887) and the proportion of BED positives was 26.34% (497/1 887). The recent HIV-1 infections appeared lower HCV prevalence than non-recent HIV-1 infection. Among 20-39 age group, HIV-1 infections had a lower HCV prevalence than among the other age groups. Patients carrying HIV-1 through injecting drug use showed higher HCV prevalence.

CONCLUSIONUnder results on BED; age, infection route and area were influencing factors of HCV prevalence in newly reported HIV-1 infections in Henan province, suggesting that corresponding prevention programs should be targeted.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Coinfection ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; complications ; HIV-1 ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo understand the one-year effect of HCV/HIV co-infected patients who had received AIDS second-line antiretroviral treatment after failure virologically, on the first-line therapy.

METHODSHCV and HIV antibody positive patients who had experienced virological failure but received at least one-year AIDS first-line treatment, were recruited from May to October 2012 in Xincai, Queshan and Weishi of Henan province. 6-months and 12-months follow-up programs were carried out after the regimen had been changed to AIDS second-line antiretroviral treatment, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count, HIV-1 virus load and HIV-1 drug resistance were performed.

RESULTSEighty-one cases of eligible patients were selected and followed by an amelioration of CD4 median at 6-month and 12-month follow-up period. Data showed that the baseline, 6-months and 12-months CD4 medians were 266 cells/µl, 275 cells/µl and 299 cells/µl (χ² = 8.214, P = 0.009). The ratio of HIV virus load suppression patients at 6-months and 12-months follow-up increased to 46.84% and 50.00%, respectively. Frequencies of HIV drug resistance also decreased at the baseline, 6-months and 12-months, with ratios as 66.67%, 26.58% and 27.63% (χ² = 29.362, P = 0.000), respectively. Ratios of patients that holding NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance appeared coinstantaneous decrease at the baseline, 6-months and 12-months, as 51.85%, 18.99% and 17.11% (χ² = 14.230, P = 0.005). At the baseline, the ratios of patients resisted to 3TC, ABC and FTC were all more than 50%, with AZT, D4T and DDI between 41%-44% while TDF appeared as 33.33%, then all of them declined to 12%-18% at the 6-month and 12-month follow-up periods. 65.43% of the patients resisted to both NVP and EFV but declined to 24%-27% at 6 months and 12 months.

CONCLUSIONHCV/HIV co-infected patients experienced virological failure of AIDS first-line therapy were ameliorated after changing to use second-line antiretroviral treatment for 6-months, but did not show constant positive effect at the 12-month end point.

Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; China ; Coinfection ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

OBJECTIVETo analyze the survival status and influencing factors of the AIDS patients under 14 years of age and receiving antiretroviral treatment in Henan Province.

METHODSDatabase of children AIDS patients receiving ART were download from China information system for disease preventioin and control-AIDS, AIDS cases from January, 2003 to June, 2014 were selected to be analyzed. Demographic characteristics baseline laboratory inclusion criteria: F First time receive national free ART during study; aged 14 years or below; and with relatively complete baseline information and follow-up information. 1 037 cases were selected. Patient information about survival status, death, demographic characteristics, and baseline laboratory test results were analyzed. The accumulated survival rate of AIDS patients was calculated by life table method and the influencing factors were analyzed by COX proportional hazard model.

RESULTSA total of 1 037 AIDS children-cases ((9.52 ± 3.56) years old) which included 628 boys and 409 girls were recruited in the study, 939 cases survived 1 to 9 years from starting ART treatment and 98 cases died. Accumulated survival rate of AIDS children receiving ART from 1 year to 9 years were 96.11%, 94.17%, 92.74%, 91.28%, 90.54%, 89.47%, 88.52%, 88.52%, 86.84%, respectively. Results of multivariate analysis showed baseline count of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36-0.72), duration from confirmation to the initial ART time (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.97) and hemoglobin level (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.09-4.70) were influence factors for survival time of AIDS children patients receiving ART.

CONCLUSIONSurvival rate of AIDS children aged 14 years or below and receiving ART in Henan Province was relatively high. Timely surveillance of CD4⁺ T and the hemoglobin level of the AIDS patients so as to timely launch HARRT could extend survival time of AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Adolescent ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the risk factors of hepatitis C Virus Infection among Han population in Henan Province, providing evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control measures.

METHODSIn this 1: 1 matched case-control study, data of 134 cases and 134 controls were collected in seven hospitals from June 2013 to September 2013. Case group with the following conditions: Han nationality, first diagnosed hepatitis C in 2013, Current address and investigation belong to the same district (county), above 18 years old; with the following conditions can't into case group: not to cooperate with the investigation, late-stage Hepatitis C patients. Control group with the following conditions: Han nationality, with the matched case patients the same gender, in the same hospital for treatment , from the same district (county), the age difference ≤ 5 years old and in the same age group. With the following conditions can't into control group:not to cooperate with the investigation, diagnosed with hepatitis B, hepatitis C patients. Collect 3 ml blood samples to test anti-HCV. Single factors were analyzed with χ(2) between case and control, risk factors were analyzed with logistic regression model.

RESULTSThe ratio about blood donation, blood transfusion, operation and acupuncture of cases were 35.1% (47/134), 27.6% (37/134), 42.5% (57/134), 12.7% (17/134), with differences compared to those of controls (2.2% (3/134), 5.2% (7/134), 21.6% (29/134), 5.2% (7/134))(χ(2) values were 47.60, 24.47, 13.42 and 4.58, all P values <0.05). Compared with those never received blood transfusion and those never donated blood, former blood receptors and blood donors had higher risk of hepatitis C infection(OR: 2.01, 95%CI:1.32-3.05; OR:2.68, 95%CI:1.85-3.88).

RESULTSof multiple nonconditional logistic regression analysis showed that Plasma donors and whole blood donors had higher risk of hepatitis C infection than those never donated plasma and blood (OR:76.71, 95%CI: 10.25-574.25; OR:10.23, 95%CI: 2.15-48.70).

CONCLUSIONBlood transfusion and abnormal blood are independent risk factors among Han population in Henan Province of hepatitis C infection. The Plasma donors, blood donors and with the increase in the times of blood transfusion, the risk of hepatitis C infection is increase.

Aged ; Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; Humans ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the related testing indicators variation of HIV long-term non-progress populations.

METHODSThe long-term non-progress populations in some areas of Henan were recruited, and the study was carried out according to different CD4(+)T lymphocytes counts for two groups. The dynamic characteristics of immune status and viral load between LTNP-1group (CD4(+)T lymphocytes ≥ 500/µl, 42 cases) and LTNP-2 group(350/µl ≤ CD4(+)T lymphocytes < 500/µl, 49 cases) from July 2010 to August 2013 were observed. The characteristics of HIV elite controllers during the follow-up were also described.

RESULTSLTNP were recruited, 56% (51 cases) were men, and 44% (40 cases) were women. The study population were aged from 38 to 65 years old. A total of 320 individuals were followed-up, 14 cases were lost, 2 deaths, and 16 cases had received antiretroviral therapy during four years. To analyze the annual changes of CD4(+)T lymphocytes and VL of the group from 2010 to 2013, LTNP-1 group CD4(+)T lymphocytes from 654.0(545.2-809.5) decreased to 494.0(341.0-574.7), and LTNP-2 group decreased from 493.0 (429.5-770.0) to 343.5(253.0-500.8), CD4(+)T lymphocytes decline of over times of two groups in longitudinal analysis (χ(2) = 50.32, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 31.03, P < 0.01). lg (VL) of LTNP-1 group were 3.52 (3.15-4.27), 3.71 (2.70-4.55), 3.86 (3.59-4.55), 3.96 (3.25-4.36), and lg (VL) of TNP-2 group were 4.35 (3.72-4.83), 4.35 (3.97-4.94), 4.71 (3.96-4.95), 5.04(4.78-5.26), respectively (P > 0.05). The same year inter-group comparison found CD4(+)T lymphocytes of LTNP-1 group were higher than LTNP-2 group (Z = 5.23, P < 0.01; Z = 3.06, P < 0.01; Z = 2.51, P < 0.05; Z = 2.47, P < 0.05). VL of LTNP-2 group increased from 4.35(3.97-4.94) to 5.04 (4.78-5.26) during 2011 to 2013, were higher than LTNP-1 group in the same year (Z = 2.28, P < 0.05; Z = 2.58, P < 0.05; Z = 2.76, P < 0.05). 65 cases HCV antibody were positive in 91 individuals, and the HCV antibody positive rate was 76% (32/42), 67% (33/49) between LTNP-1 group and LTNP-2 group. Six elite controllers maintained CD4(+)T lymphocytes ≥ 500/µl, VL<1 000 copies/ml during four years follow-up.

CONCLUSIONThe long-term non-progress populations in Henan were overall healthy, and VL were relatively stable, there was a decreased trend of CD4 year by year, and HCV co-infection rate was high.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; HIV Long-Term Survivors ; statistics & numerical data ; HIV Seropositivity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes ; Viral Load ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo analyze the situation of survival among AIDS patients under cotrimoxazole prophylaxis as initial anti-retroviral therapy (ART), in Henan province during 2007-2011.

METHODSInformation on AIDS patients receiving initial ART during 2007-2011 was collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Integrated Control System. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to generate survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine associated factors of survival status. According to the previous CTX use before ART, the subjects were divided into 3 groups including who had never taken CTX, who had taken CTX and still taking now, who had taken CTX and not current taking.

RESULTSA total of 13 103 eligible AIDS patients were identified. 1 702 patients died within 6 years after the initiation of ART, with the mortality as 4.46/100 person year. Among the 455 patients who died within 3 months and 970 died within 12 months, the mortality rates were 14.15/100 person year and 7.78/100 person year, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival time and mortality of the patients who had taken CTX was longer AND lower than those patients who had never taken CTX when starting the ART program. Results from the log-rank test showed that the difference of two groups was statistically significant during 12 months after the ART(log-rank = 5.15, P = 0.02). After controlling for other variables, results from multivariable analysis of COX model showed that factors as age, gender, marital status, perion between confirmed diagnosis and receiving the ART, baseline CD4(+) T cells count, clinical stage, initial therapy schedule, date when starting the ART, number of symptoms at baseline, use of CTX before starting the ART and ART being skipped in the last seven days etc, were associated with the time of survival in patients after the initiation of ART. Patients who had been taking CTX at ART initiation were at lower risk of death (adjusted HR = 0.71, 95% CI:0.63-0.80; P = 0.00), compared to those who had never taken the CTX.

CONCLUSIONThe co-trimoxazole prophylaxis program was associated with the reduced mortality among AIDS patients who were on ART in Henan province, especially during the first year.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among newly reported HIV infection cases in Henan province, 2012-2014.

METHODSHIV-1 BED incidence test and anti-HCV test were conducted in newly diagnosed HIV infection cases in Henan, which were reported through national AIDS information system between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2014.

RESULTSThe data of 4 267 newly reported HIV-1 infection cases were analyzed, the positive rate of anti-HCV was 13.19% (563/4 267). The anti HCV was highest in those infected with HIV through injection drug use (77.27%), the anti-HCV positive rates in those infected with HIV through blood donation/transfusion, heterosexual contact, homosexual contact and mother-to-child transmission were 15.06%, 15.81%, 3.74% and 8.96%, respectively. Kaifeng (32.04%), Nanyang (14.67%), Shangqiu (25.00%), Zhumadian (25.00%) and Zhoukou (18.86%) were the first five prefectures with the high anti-HCV positive rates. The anti-HCV positive rate in BED positive patients (recent HIV-1 infections) was 7.50% (86/1 146). The multivariate logistic regressions analysis revealed that BED negative, aged >40 years, being farmer, HIV infection though injection drug use and living in in Kaifeng, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Zhumadian and Zhoukou were the risk factors for HCV infection.

CONCLUSIONThe positive rate of anti-HCV declined between 2012-2014 in newly reported HIV infection cases in Henan, but the positive rate of anti-HCV was high in risk population and in some areas.

Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; China ; epidemiology ; Coinfection ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; blood ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Serologic Tests ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the network reporting quality of hepatitis C cases in Henan province in 2014.

METHODSThe data of hepatitis C case reporting was collected from selected medical institutions in Henan province in 2014. According to current reporting standards, the evaluation of reporting rate, the timely reporting rate, the underreporting rate, the false reporting rate and the anti HCV positive and HCV-RNA positive reporting rate of hepatitis C cases were evaluated.

RESULTSA total of 2 778 hospitalized hepatitis C cases in 170 medical and health institutions were surveyed, the reporting rate was 84.10%, the timely reporting rate was 100.00%, the underreporting rate was 15.90%, the false reporting rate was 13.17% and the anti-HCV positive and HCV-RNA positive reporting rate was 91.06%. The coincidence rate of diagnosis and reporting was 58.61%, the coincidence rate of acute or chronic cases was 30.93%. More clinical diagnosed cases were underreported. The coincidence rate of laboratory confirmed cases reporting were low. The diagnosis and reporting coincidence rate was low in provincial medical institutions.

CONCLUSIONIn Henan, the hepatitis C case reporting rate was high, the anti-HCV positive and HCV-RNA positive reporting rate needs to be improved. The coincidence rate of hepatitis C reporting was low. Underreporting and false reporting still existed. The quality of hepatitis C reporting in provincial medical and health institutions needs to be improved.

China ; epidemiology ; Disease Notification ; statistics & numerical data ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the condition of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation among failures of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Henan province.

METHODThe sub platform of China's legal infectious disease monitoring information reporting system-HIV/AIDS integrated prevention and control data information management system was used to collect the information of patients experiencing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure (virus load ≥ 1 000 copies/ml) more than one year among nine cities of Henan in 2011. A total of 40 cases with no information and 212 cases with incomplete drug resistance results were deleted, and 1 922 cases were included in this study and genotype resistance testing was carried out. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the influencing factors of drug resistance mutation.

RESULTSA total of 1 922 cases were included in the analysis. 1 039 cases were males, 833 cases were females, the age was (45.7 ± 12.1) years, 82.73% (1 590) were married, and 87.93% (1 690) were transmitted by blood. 64.20% (1 234) patients acquired drug resistance. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations were found in 62.59% (1 203), 49.74% (956) and 0.94% (18) of subjects, respectively. 42.09% (809) of patients harbored NRTI and NNRTI resistance mutations synchronously. ≥ 1TAM was the most commonly emerged NRTI resistance mutation (41.94% (806)), the prevalences of TAM-1 and TAM-2 were 8.48% (163) and 4.24% (81), respectively. K65R/N and Q151M complex existed in 23 and 4 patients, respectively. K103N/S was the most commonly emerged NNRTI resistance mutation (34.32% (659)). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that, factors associated with high drug resistance were the following: transmitted by mother to child (OR = 9.05, 95% CI: 1.14-72.12), clinical stage was IV (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.09-2.66) and 5-year-treated (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03-2.47). Factors associated with low drug resistance were the following: 1-year-treated (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.13-0.27).

CONCLUSIONComplex patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations were identified among individuals experiencing failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Henan province. Factors associated with high drug resistance were lived in Luohe, Shangqiu, Nanyang, Xinyang, transmitted by mother to child, clinical stage was IV, and 5-year-treated.

Adult ; China ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Protease Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use