OBJECTIVETo analyze absentees due to injury among primary school pupils in Hubei, 2012-2013; and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of injuries.

METHODSA total of 32 primary schools in Qianjiang city and Shayang county were sampled to conduct injury absenteeism surveillance, and the total number of students was 21 493. The surveillance contents included absent dates, genders, grades, initial or return absent, and the detailed absent reasons. The classification of injury was based on the 10th Revision of the international classification of diseases developed by WHO. Data from 2012-2013 school-year were extracted from the surveillance system for analysis. The total surveillance period was 182 days, of which the fall semester was 98 days and the spring semester was 84 days. The absenteeism rate and injury rate in different characteristics of primary school students were compared by χ² test, and the possible risk factors of injury were preliminary explored by calculating the RR (95% CI) value.

RESULTSThe total daily injury absenteeism rate was 8.26/100 100 during 2012-2013 school-year in 32 primary schools in Hubei province, which was higher in fall semester (9.16/100 000), Qianjiang area (9.63/100 000), rural primary schools (13.44/100 000), boys (9.57/100 000), 1-2 grades (10.41/100 000), and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The total injury rate was 0.46%. Rural primary schools (RR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.46-3.70), boys (RR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23-2.87), and 3-4 grades (RR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.10-3.09) were identified as high-risk factors, while using city primary schools, girls, and 5-6 grades as references, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe injury absenteeism rate and injury rate were more higher in rural primary schools, boys and low or middle grades in Hubei province during 2012 to 2013 school year, so monitoring and preventive measures should be focused on those students.

Absenteeism ; Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Schools ; Sex Factors ; Students ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVETo explore the integrated application of sales of child-specific over-the-counter (OTC) cold related medications in retail pharmacies and healthcare visits of children for influenza-like illness (ILI) in surveillance and early warning of influenza among children.

METHODSAn integrated surveillance system (ISS) was implemented since 2012 in Qianjiang County, a rural area in Hubei Province of China. The daily information from August 1, 2012 to February 28, 2013 of health care visits of children for ILI reported by 80 health facilities and sales of 14 child-specific over-the-counter (OTC) cold related medications reported by 11 pharmacies were extracted from ISS database. Cumulative sums (CUSUM) model was conducted to analyze the degree of fitting and the early warning signal generated; the correlationship was then analyzed further.

RESULTSIn 212 days, 983 visits of children for ILI and 12 819 sales by person of child-specific OTC were reported. Conducting CUSUM model, the fitting degree was in the acceptable range, 31 warning signals were generated from ILI data series with 3 peak periods and 14 from OTC data series with 2 peak periods. A similar time trend of two data series was observed with a correlation(r = 0.497, P < 0.05), but without any spatial clustering. And the optimal correlation(r = 0.505, P < 0.05) appeared at a time offset of 4 days preceded by OTC sales.

CONCLUSIONThe availability of integrated surveillance system for symptoms could be applied for surveillance of influenza among children; while it could explore the possibility of real epidemic in the very early stage.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Population Surveillance

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current status of social support for HIV/AIDS patients under antiretroviral treatment (ART) and related factors in Wuhan.

METHODSSocial Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to analyze the current status of social support for HIV/AIDS patients under ART in Wuhan. Student's t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression model were used to identify the related factors.

RESULTSThe scores of subjective support, objective support, utilization of social support, and overall social support for 330 HIV/AIDS patients were significant lower than the national norm (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the subjective support (β' = -0.260), objective support (β' = -0.196) and overall social support (β' = -0.141) for the patients who were unmarried, divorced or widowed were worse than those for the patients who were married (P < 0.05). The patients with higher educational level had more objective support (β' = 0.250) and utilization of social support (β' = 0.232) than those with lower educational level (P < 0.05). The subjective support for patients without HIV related symptoms in the past two weeks was better than those with HIV related symptoms (β' = 0.232, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe current status of social support for HIV/AIDS patients under ART in Wuhan was worse than that for healthy people. More attention should be paid to HIV/AIDS patients with worse social support.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; Educational Status ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Marital Status ; statistics & numerical data ; Regression Analysis ; Social Support