1.Anti-inflammatory effect of mushrooms in dengue-infected human monocytes
Ellan, K. ; Thayan, R. ; Phan, C.W ; Sabaratnam, V.
Tropical Biomedicine 2019;36(4):1087-1098
Pathogenesis of dengue fever has been associated with the activation of the
cytokine cascade that triggered inflammatory responses. The inflammatory reactions in
dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) are the main cause of
haemorrhagic manifestations, coagulation disorders, vascular permeability, hypotension and
shock which could exacerbate the condition of the disease. In an earlier study, extracts
belonging to Lignosus rhinocerotis, Pleurotus giganteus, Hericium erinaceus,
Schizophyllum commune and Ganoderma lucidium mushrooms were screened for antidengue
virus activities. We found that hot aqueous extract (HAE) and aqueous soluble separated
from ethanol extract (ASE) exhibited their potential to reduce dengue viral load which were
observed in plaque reduction assay and real-time RT-PCR. In continuation of our previous
findings, this study was initiated to further investigate the other aspect; the anti-inflammatory
activities of HAE and ASE of L. rhinocerotis, P. giganteus, H. erinaceus, S. commune and G.
lucidium on human monocytes infected with dengue virus-2 (DENV-2) New guinea C strain.
Human monocytes infected with DENV-2 were treated with mushroom extracts for 48 hours.
The cytokine profile coincides with dengue infection, i.e. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and
IL-10 were measured by BD OptEIATM Elisa Kit. The expression of these cytokines was
significantly elevated in untreated infected cells two days after infection. However, after
treated with mushroom extracts prominent anti-inflammatory effect were detected towards
IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The most significant anti-inflammatory effects were
detected in HAE of G. lucidium, S. commune, P. giganteus and ASE of L. rhinocerotis and
the effects were comparable with dexamethasone, the reference inhibitor. These results
demonstrated that mushroom HAE or ASE could successfully have suppressed cytokine
production in dengue-infected monocytes and has a great potential to develop an antiinflammatory
agent from mushroom extract for the treatment of dengue infection.