A 55-year-old male patient suffered from severe high-voltage electric burn with an area of 20%TBSA full-thickness injury. The injury involved the distal end of left upper limb, right trunk, and whole abdominal wall. Fracture of the 7th-10th ribs was found in the right side of chest, with perforation of abdominal cavity, and bilateral pleural effusion was found. Part of the small intestine was necrotic and exposed. At the early stage, xeno-acellular dermal matrix was grafted after debridement of abdominal wound; peritoneal lavage was performed; negative pressure drainage was performed in orificium fistula of intestine for promoting the adhesion between perforated intestine and abdominal scar. Two orificium fistulas formed after closure of abdominal granulation wound by autologous skin grafting. Eschar of chest wall and denatured ribs were retained. The risk of infection of thoracic cavity was decreased by promoting the adhesion between lung tissue and chest wall. During the treatment, the patient was diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis by renal biopsy, with the symptoms of purpura in the lower limbs, heavy proteinuria, severe hypoalbuminemia, edema, etc. After control of kidney damage by immunosuppressive treatment instead of glucocorticoid, alleviation of the levels of proteinuria and blood albumin, free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was excised to repair chest wall, and free skin graft was excised to repair intestinal fistula. After all the wounds were successfully covered, the patient was treated with glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressants for more than 1 year. The patient was followed up for 3 years, and his renal function was completely recovered with satisfactory clinical outcome.
Abdominal Cavity ; Abdominal Injuries ; complications ; surgery ; Burns, Electric ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephritis ; complications ; surgery ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications ; surgery ; Thoracic Cavity ; Thoracic Injuries ; complications ; surgery

Simultaneous bilateral fractures of the femoral necks are rare injuries, especially when there is no underlying pathological condition. We report a 20-year-old man who sustained bilateral femoral neck fractures resulting from an accidental electric shock with 440 V direct current. Simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures after electrical shock injury without falling from a height are rather uncommon in clinic. The main cause of the fracture may be muscle contraction. This case highlights that even in the absence of primary and secondary bone disease, bilateral fractures of the femoral necks can occur following electric shock injury. We successfully managed this case with bilateral cannulated screw fixation without bone grafting. Surgeons caring for patients with electrical injury should be aware of the possibility of skeletal injuries which can go unnoticed, leading to delay in diagnosis and increased risk of complications.
Adult ; Electric Injuries ; complications ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

It is the intent of this study to estimate the progression or regression of edema at the bedside continuously. Based on the theoretic model, the Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) has been applied in the calculation of conductivity reconstruction. Dynamic crossover and mutation operators which are based on Haiming Distance are brought forward in this paper to maintain generation's diversity. Then, both AGA and Standard GA (SGA) have been applied in the conductivity reconstruction of edema in human brain. It is shown that AGA not only has attained a higher degree of efficiency but also has enhanced the capability to converge to the best answer.
Algorithms ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; pathology ; Computer Simulation ; Edema ; pathology ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Models, Biological

We report electroversion in treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and cervical spinal cord injury. At first, the patient sustained respiratory failure and weak cough reflex, thereafter repeated bronchoscopy was used to aspirate the sputum as well as control the pneumonia, which resulted in arrhythmia (AF and AVNRT). Two doses of intravenous amiodarone failed to correct the arrhythmia. After restoration of sinus rhythm by electroversion, he was successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation and discharged from the intensive care unit without recurrent arrhythmia.
Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; therapy ; Bronchoscopy ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration, Artificial ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome ; complications

Posterior shoulder dislocation is a rare event that may occur after a direct trauma, an epileptic seizure, electric shock or electroconvulsive therapy. In more than 50% of the cases, posterior dislocations are missed on initial evaluation and often misdiagnosed as frozen shoulders with unfortunate consequences. We present the case of a missed posterior subluxation and reverse Hill Sachs lesion (McLaughlin lesion) in a 40-year-old woman caused by anelectric shock of 240 V. The patient underwent surgery in our institute two weeks after the injury. The humeral head was reduced and the reverse Hill Sachs lesion was filled by demineralized bone matrix allograft with osteoinductive factors. Tendons were repaired and a temporaneous artrodesis was performed. At the final follow up of 12 months, we obtained a Costant Score of 93 and the patient returned to her previous daily activities.
Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Disability Evaluation ; Electric Injuries ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Shoulder Dislocation ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of neuromodulation (including sacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation) for the treatment to neurogenic bowel dysfunction due to spinal cord injury.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to April 2008, 9 patients with neurogenic constipation after spinal cord injury underwent the therapy of neuromodulation, 1 patient underwent the therapy of sacral neuromodulation, 8 patients underwent the therapy of dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated and followed up by means of Wexner constipation score.

RESULTSOne patient received permanent electrode and neurostimulator implantation and constipation were improved continuously. A significant improvement in the Wexner constipation score was observed compared with the preoperative baseline level (preoperative baseline: median 22; after implantation: median 9). Four patients were effective after the therapy of dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation. Wexner constipation score decrease from 19 to 11 after 12 weeks dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation. Patients also showed a significant improvement in their symptoms and quality of life during follow up.

CONCLUSIONSSacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation may be effective for some neurogenic constipation. However there are no methods successfully identify the candidate who will be beneficial before the procedure. Good quality research data are needed to evaluate the effects of sacral neuromodulation and dorsal penile/clitoral nerve neuromodulation for these conditions.

Constipation ; etiology ; therapy ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Injuries ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP 60) in rats without electric marks after electric injury, to identify the relationship of the CK-MB, HSP 60 and the time of electric injuries, and to evaluate the damage to cells after electric injury. METHODS: The animal model of electric injury without electric marks was established by alternating current (voltage 110 V). Automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to detect the serum CK-MB and immunohistochemical staining technology was used to analyze the tissues of myocardium and left lobe of liver. RESULTS: The amount of serum CK-MB was increased when the rats were injuried, and reached the peak at 30min. Then the amount of CK-MB began to decrease and showed a slight downward trend in 3-5 h after electric injury, and leveled off at 6 h. Immunohistochemistry staining also showed the changes of HSP 60 of rats' myocardial cells and hepatic cells regularly after electric injury. CONCLUSION The regular changes of serum CK-MB and tissular HSP 60 in rats can be used to diagnosis electric injury and assess the injury of internal organs after the electric injury without electric marks.
Animals ; Chaperonin 60/metabolism* ; Creatine Kinase, MB Form/metabolism* ; Electric Injuries/complications* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver/pathology* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenic characteristics and management of brain injury in patients injured by high voltage electricity.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty eight patients injured by electricity were enrolled in this study. Postburn brain injury was diagnosed by clinical sighs and imaging analysis. The brain injury was graded as mild, moderate, severe and most severe. The relationships among the inlet of the electric current and the electric voltage and the degree of brain injury were analyzed, and the causes and pathogenesis of the brain injury were suggested. Treatment modality was optimized for the patients according to the diagnostic data.

RESULTSIn this group of patients, brain injury was identified in 106 cases, mostly rated as mild and moderate. Only 4 cases were ranked as severe degree with positive imaging findings. The electric voltage seemed to be not correlated with the incidence of postburn brain injury. But the intensity of electric current and the locations of electrical current inlet and outlet were closely related to the degree of brain injury. Among all the patients in this group, 131 survived and 7 died after treatment. But there was no death due directly to brain injury.

CONCLUSIONThere was high incidence of postburn brain injury in patients injured by high voltage electricity. The injury might be related to the direct effect of electrical current on the brain tissue, to mechanical injury, to the cardio-pulmonary lesions caused by electrical current, or to massive skin burn. Early and accurate diagnosis of the injury was of key importance for lowering both mortality and disability.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Injuries ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Burns, Electric ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Electrical injury is a serious public health problem. Heart is one of the most frequently affected organs. Electrical injury can cause life-threatening cardiac complications such as asystole, ventricular fibrillation, and myocardial rupture. In this case report, we present a 20-yr-old male patient with sick sinus syndrome that developed years after electrical injury.
Adult ; Atropine/diagnostic use ; Electric Injuries/complications* ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Tolerance ; Human ; Male ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Sick Sinus Syndrome/etiology* ; Sick Sinus Syndrome/physiopathology ; Sick Sinus Syndrome/therapy ; Sinoatrial Node/physiopathology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of modified skin soft tissue expansion in repair of devastating wound on the head due to electrical burn in the early stage.

METHODSTwenty-one patients with partial scalp soft tissue defect accompanying skull exposure and necrosis in different degree due to high-voltage electrical burn were hospitalized from April 2009 to October 2014, with wound area ranging from 7 cm × 5 cm to 15 cm × 13 cm. The wounds were debrided as early as possible, and necrotic skulls were kept in situ and covered with porcine ADM and silver-containing dressing. Bacterial culture of exudate from the residual soft tissue was carried out 3 days after hospitalization. Pertinent antibiotics were applied topically to control infection, and autologous split-thickness skin grafts were transplanted. Two to three weeks after injury when the skin grafts survived, modified skin soft tissue expansion was carried out. The crossbow-form incision was made on the normal scalp 2 cm away from the edge of transplanted skin; a capsule cavity was formed by ladder-like dissection. An expander was inserted with the injection port laying outside. The expander was stretched by inflation and deflation. The incisions were sutured layer by layer. The time of continuing negative pressure drainage in the interval of expansion was extended. Volume of water reaching 2 to 3 times of the capacity of expander was injected for excessive expanding. The expanded skin flap was rotated to repair the wound after expansion was ended.

RESULTSWithin 1 week after debridement, 4 kinds of bacteria were detected in the bacterial culture of wound exudate, including 4 cases of Staphylococcus aureus, 5 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 5 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 3 cases of Acinetobacter baumannii. A total of 26 expanders were imbedded. No infection or incision dehiscence in the expanding area or cracking and leakage of expander was observed during expanding period. Two to three months after injury, expanded skin flap transplantation was completed, and the wound was repaired. Raw wounds were seen in 4 expanded skin flaps after transfer, and they healed after dressing change. Punctiform ulceration at the seams of 2 flaps was observed one month after the operation, which healed after removing few pieces of sequestra by themselves. The other expanded skin flaps survived well. During the postoperative follow-up for 3 to 12 months, satisfactory appearance and hair growth was observed in the operation area.

CONCLUSIONSRepair of the devastating wound on the head due to electrical burn with modified skin soft tissue expansion could achieve the result of early wound covering and cosmetic repair without alopecia in one time.

Animals ; Bandages ; Burns, Electric ; surgery ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; surgery ; Debridement ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Skull ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Surgical Flaps ; Swine ; Tissue Expansion ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing