No abstract available.
Ego* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The author investigated the structural theory of the mind. the origin of psychopathology. the resolving stage of the psychopathology. and nature of the true mind in the human mind. METHODS: the author reviewed the "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana"by Mamyung and "The Commentary on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith" and "Expository Notes on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith" by Wonhyo. RESULTS: The author of the Treatise insistod on bellieving the true mind in the human being. Also in the treatise, Alayavijnana explained the harmonized mind of the true mind and the ignorant mind. The ignorant mind as the source of fundamental ignorance. which results in peripheral ignorance arising from the ego in relation with the extenal world. Also, he explains the origin of ignorance and encourages to abandon the deep attachment to ignorance. The developing and resolving stages of ignorance are similar to the developing and resolving stage of psychopathology. CONCLUSION: The author insists on the psychiatric application of the mind theory in the "Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana", "The Commentary on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith". and "Expository Notes on the Treatise of Awakening Mahayana Faith". Also. the author encourages deep faith of the true human mind.
Ego ; Humans ; Psychopathology

This article was conducted to understand the Buddhist doctrine of 'not-self' (anatta) in respect of psychotherapy. The author reviewed the earliest Buddhist canons (Nikayas) and extracted the thoughts of 'not-self'. The Buddhist self (or ego) is not equal to the recent psycological self (or ego). It is rather the systemic being than the single one, which is composed of 5 aggregates. 'Anatta' does not mean 'no self' but 'not-self'. Buddha regards that self or ego is not real but conceptual. The Buddhist doctrine of 'anatta' is based upon the theory of the dependent origination (paticcasamuppada). Buddhism and psychotherapy consent that one could be emancipated from sufferings not by belief, but by introspection. Just as the emotional insight may lead to the change of behavior and personality in psychotherapy, so the true insight to Enlightenment in Buddhism. The psychotherapeutic significance of 'not-self' implies both the recognition and extinction of the conscious and the unconscious adherence. Therefore psychotherapeutic analysis can be introduced into Buddhism and the meditative contemplation of 'paticcasamuppada' can be adopted by psychotherapy.
Buddhism ; Ego ; Psychotherapy

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Ego* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study is to investigate th relations among ego identity, stress, and internet addiction in high school students. METHODS: In order to get the data by self-questionnaire, 750 subject were selected from Aug. 20 to Aug. 31, 2008. The data was analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: Ego identity scores were 39.54, stress scores were 64.68, internet addiction scores were 65.34. There were significantly negative correlations between ego identity and stress, between ego identity and internet addiction. But there was significantly positive correlation between stress and internet addiction. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of internet addiction was stress related to individual. CONCLUSION: The findings of study suggest that broad internet addiction and stress program should be provided to prevent problems of internet addiction.
Ego ; Humans ; Internet*

No abstract available.
Ego* ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis*

No abstract available.
Alcoholics* ; Ego* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of a cinema therapy-based group reminiscence program on depression and ego integrity of elderly people in a nursing home. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design was conducted. The participants were 45 elderly people from one nursing home, 23 in the experimental group, and 22 in the control group. They were recruited from a nursing home in G city. The cinema therapy program was provided for 90 minutes once a week for 10 sessions. Data were collected from June to August, 2013. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20.0. RESULTS: After the intervention, the group who participated in the showed increased self-integrity (t=4.29, p<.001) and decreased depression (t=5.01, p<.001) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the group reminiscence program using the cinema as in this study is effective in increasing ego integrity and decreasing depression of elderly people in nursing homes.
Aged ; Depression* ; Ego* ; Humans ; Nursing Homes*

OBJECTIVES: In the past, latent dreams were emphasized in the psychiatric field, but these days the interest in manifest dreams is increasing as ego psychology develops. Hall and Nordby proposed that there are similarities between manifest dreams and real life. The Hall/Van de Castle System is a method of dream content analysis, which considers both the quantitive and qualitive analytic aspects of manifest dreams. METHODS: The dreams of 232 males and females (M: F=127: 105; mean age=21.02.7) were collected through the Most Recent Dream Method. Collected data were analyzed using the Hall/Van de Castle System. RESULTS: Female subjects tended to be more detailed and meticulous in reporting their dreams. The dreams of male subjects showed a higher percentage in self-negativity (2=6.64, df=1, p=0.004), and the dreams of female subjects showed a higher percentage in group character (2=6.64, df=1, p=0.0099), dreamer-involved success (2=3.12, df=1, p=0.048), and good fortune (2=4.52, df=1, p=0.034). CONCLUSION: This study suggests the norm of dream content of Korean college students, and it presents the differences between Korean males and females, and between Korean college students and American college students. This study may contribute to further studies on dream content analysis.
Dreams* ; Ego ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychology

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of present study was to explore the differences of ego defense mechanisms between South Koreans, North Korean defectors in South Korea and Korean-Chinese in South Korea, and the correlations between ego defense mechanisms and perceptions of socio-cultural characteristics of these three groups. METHODS: The Defense Style Questionnaire and the Socio-Cultural Characteristic Questionnaire were administered to 100 South Koreans, 93 North Korean defectors and 86 Korean-Chinese. 21 North Korean defectors and 10 Korean-Chinese in South Korea were interviewed regarding the questionnaire results of the study. RESULTS: North Korean defectors used more active defense styles and emotion repressive defense styles than South Koreans. Korean-Chinese used more passive defense styles than North Korean defectors and South Koreans. North Korean defectors scored significantly higher than South Koreans on 'denial', 'splitting', 'withdrawal', 'suppression', 'altruism', 'task orientation' and 'anticipation' in the Defense Style Questionnaire. The defense styles were significantly related to the socio-cultural characteristics of the three countries. CONCLUSION: From our results it was inferred that there are differences in the defense styles among three groups, and the socio-cultural characteristics have effects on defense mechanisms. On the gasis of the results of this study, the direction of future study was discussed.
Defense Mechanisms ; Ego* ; Korea* ; Surveys and Questionnaires