Frorn August to December 1973, 189 cases of scabies were examinecl by Muller's method and following results were obtained: 1) 91 cases (52. 6%) of 172 were confirmed by detecting mite. 2) From the reexamination of samples, adult form(58.2%), larva(52.7%), egg(41.8%), egg shell(30.8%) and scybala(29.7%) were identified in order and egg shell and scybala were also diagnostic. 3) Confirmed scraping lesions were burrow(61. 8%),papule(29.4%), vesicle(5.9%) pustule(2.9%), in order of frequency. 4) Adult Sarcoptes was found in 27 cases(64.3%) of 42 examined with burrows and in 13 cases(65%) of 20 with papules. 5) Mean of incubation period was 26.6 days in 14 cases.
Adult ; Animals ; Egg Shell ; Humans ; Mineral Oil* ; Mites ; Ovum ; Scabies*

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective radiologic study of 23 cases OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the etiology of correction loss after surgical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with neurologic deficits SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: osteoporotic vertebral fractures with neurologic deficits were treated with anterior decompression with posterior instrumentation or an Egg shell operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We experienced 23 cases treated surgically for osteoporotic vertebral fracture with neurologic deficits. In group A (16 cases), anterior decompression with posterior instrumentation were performed, with group B (7 cases) receiving an Egg shell operation. The kyphotic angle using Cobb's method and endplate injury were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at last follow up. Group A was subdivided into A1 and A2 according to preoperative and postoperative kyphotic angle, as well as being divided by endplate injury into subgroup a and b. Overcorrection of preoperative kyphotic angles were performed in A1, and undercorrection in A2 group, with endplate injury in subgroup a. RESULTS: Postoperative correction was 13.4 degrees+/-3.4degrees and correction loss was 9.68degrees+/-8.05degrees in group A, and 21.5degrees+/-5.0degrees and 8.0degrees+/-1.73degrees in group B, respectively. Correction loss of group A1 (13.4degrees +/-8.8degrees ) was significantly larger than A2 (4.71degrees +/-3.14degrees ) (p=0.011). The correction loss of group A1a (18.0degrees +/-9.3degrees ) was significantly larger than group A2 (8.5degrees +/-3.1degrees ) (p=0.050) and A2a (p=0.036). The correction loss of group A1b was significantly larger than group A2b (p=0.029), and correction losses were not significantly different in A2a (6.0degrees +/-4.0degrees ) and A2b (3.25degrees +/-1.7degrees ) (p=0.289). CONCLUSIONS: Less Correction loss was found in the undercorrection and non-endplate injury group
Animals ; Decompression ; Egg Shell ; Follow-Up Studies ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical and radiological results of different surgical methods in osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients, with neurologic deficits in the thoracolumbar junction. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Various surgical methods have been reported for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, with neurologic deficits, in the thoracolumbar junction. These are: anterior decompression, anterior decompression and anterior or posterior reconstruction, and Egg shell procedure. However, it is controversial as to which method is better. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13 patients that had undergone surgical treatment for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, with neurologic deficits, With a mean age of 68+/-8.4, ranging from 51 to 79 years. Six of the cases were male and seven were female. The mean follow up period was 18 months. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A (n=8): Anterior decompression, anterior interbody fusion, with cage or autologous strut iliac bone block, and instrumentation (anterior or posterior). Group B (n=5): Posterior decompression and posterior reconstruction (egg shell procedure). The kyphotic angles, neurologic improvements and complications in each group were analyzed preoperatively, postoperatively and at final follow up. RESULTS: In group A, the mean kyphotic angles were 29+/-5.9 degrees, 18+/-6.7 degrees and 23+/-7.7 degrees preoperatively, postoperatively and at the final follow up, respectively. In group B, the mean kyphotic angles were 31+/-1.1 degrees, 12+/-6.3 degrees and 18+/-5.5 degrees preoperatively, postoperatively and at the final follow up, respectively. In group A, 3 and 5 patients were graded as Frankel grades C and D, respectively. In group B, 1, 1 and 3 patients were graded as Frankel grades B, C and D, respectively. The neurological status improved in all the patients, by mean 1.1 grades in group A and 1.2 grades in group B. In group A, postoperative transient dyspnea and screw loosening occurred in one and two patients, respectively. In group B, postoperative paralytic ileus and screw loosening occurred in one two patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior decompression and posterior reconstruction (egg shell procedure) was an effective surgical method, equivalent to an anterior or anterior and posterior procedure, for osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients, with neurologic deficits.
Animals ; Decompression ; Dyspnea ; Egg Shell ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Retrospective Studies

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical and radiological results of different surgical methods in osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients, with neurologic deficits in the thoracolumbar junction. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Various surgical methods have been reported for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, with neurologic deficits, in the thoracolumbar junction. These are: anterior decompression, anterior decompression and anterior or posterior reconstruction, and Egg shell procedure. However, it is controversial as to which method is better. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13 patients that had undergone surgical treatment for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, with neurologic deficits, With a mean age of 68+/-8.4, ranging from 51 to 79 years. Six of the cases were male and seven were female. The mean follow up period was 18 months. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A (n=8): Anterior decompression, anterior interbody fusion, with cage or autologous strut iliac bone block, and instrumentation (anterior or posterior). Group B (n=5): Posterior decompression and posterior reconstruction (egg shell procedure). The kyphotic angles, neurologic improvements and complications in each group were analyzed preoperatively, postoperatively and at final follow up. RESULTS: In group A, the mean kyphotic angles were 29+/-5.9 degrees, 18+/-6.7 degrees and 23+/-7.7 degrees preoperatively, postoperatively and at the final follow up, respectively. In group B, the mean kyphotic angles were 31+/-1.1 degrees, 12+/-6.3 degrees and 18+/-5.5 degrees preoperatively, postoperatively and at the final follow up, respectively. In group A, 3 and 5 patients were graded as Frankel grades C and D, respectively. In group B, 1, 1 and 3 patients were graded as Frankel grades B, C and D, respectively. The neurological status improved in all the patients, by mean 1.1 grades in group A and 1.2 grades in group B. In group A, postoperative transient dyspnea and screw loosening occurred in one and two patients, respectively. In group B, postoperative paralytic ileus and screw loosening occurred in one two patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior decompression and posterior reconstruction (egg shell procedure) was an effective surgical method, equivalent to an anterior or anterior and posterior procedure, for osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients, with neurologic deficits.
Animals ; Decompression ; Dyspnea ; Egg Shell ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Retrospective Studies

Eggs exhibiting eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA) were evaluated for changes in shell characteristics such as strength, thickness, and ultrastructure. Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infection was confirmed by serological assay along with isolation of MS from the trachea and oviduct. Changes in eggshell quality were shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). We also identified ultrastructural changes in the mammillary knob layer by Scanning Electron Microscopy. While eggs may seem to be structurally sound, ultrastructural evaluation showed that affected eggs do not regain their former quality. In our knowledge, this is the first report describing the occurrence of EAA in Korea.
Animals ; Chickens ; Egg Shell/microbiology/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/veterinary ; Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology/*veterinary ; Mycoplasma synoviae/*physiology ; Poultry Diseases/*microbiology ; Republic of Korea

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragnonimus species. The primary site of infection is the lung, and extrapulmonary involvement is also reported. When infected with Paragonimus westermani, which is the dominant species in Korea, the central nervous system is frequently involved along with the liver, intestine, peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneum, and abdominal wall. Ectopic paragonimiasis raises diagnostic challenge since it is uncommon and may be confused with malignancy or other inflammatory diseases. Here, we report an ectopic paragonimiasis case initially presented with recurrent abdominal pain. The patient developed abdominal pain 3 times for the previous 3 years and the computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed fluid collection with wall enhancement. Recurrent diverticulitis was initially suspected and part of the ascending colon was resected. However, the specimen showed intact colon wall without evidence of diverticulitis and multiple parasite eggs and granulomas were found instead. The size of about 70 μm, the presence of an operculum and relatively thick egg shell suggested eggs of Paragonimus species. With appropriate exposure history and a positive antibody test, the definitive diagnosis was made as peritoneal paragonimiasis.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Abscess* ; Abdominal Pain ; Abdominal Wall ; Abscess ; Animals ; Central Nervous System ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulitis* ; Egg Shell ; Eggs ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Intestines ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Ovum ; Paragonimiasis* ; Paragonimus ; Paragonimus westermani ; Parasites ; Parasitic Diseases ; Peritoneal Cavity

PURPOSE: Paragonimiasis is infectious disease occurred by Paragonimus Westermani, which invades into human body as a final host. Habitual eating the freshwater crab or crawfish unboiled is one of the reason of infection. Paragonimiasis raged in 1970s in Korea, Japan, China and other Asian countries but the incidence decreased rapidly. Once people eat infected second host, parasite penetrates the duodenal wall and migrates to the lung. During this migration period, the parasite can migrate to other organ, such as brain, spinal cord, liver and subcutaneous tissue, but the cases are rarely reported. The objective of our study is to present our experience of the ectopic migration of parasite to the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen, which was easily treated with excision and Praziquantel medication. METHODS: A 59-year-old woman who likes eating unboiled freshwater crab was diagnosed as Paragonimiasis 15 months ago. Her symptoms were fever and cough, and she was treated with Praziquantel medication. 3 months after discharge, she visited our hospital with left pleuritic chest pain, cough with fever, and palpable mass formation on left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Wedge resection of the left lung and Praziquantel medication was maintained for a week. Nevertheless, fever persisted after the treatment. The patient received total excision of the abdominal soft tissue mass, and the fever was relieved. RESULTS: Pathologic findings of the mass showed multiple cyst and abscess formation with crystal structure which is suspicious parts of the parasite or calcified egg shells. Uncontrolled fever was relieved after the operation, and there was no evidence of recurrent Paragonimiasis and ectopic migration for 1 year follow up period. CONCLUSION: Ectopic migration of Paragonimus is rare, but multiple organ can be involved. Patient with Paragominiasis who was refractory in fever control after Praziquantel medication or surgical evaluation of the lung should be considered as ectopic migration of the Paragonimiasis.
Abdomen ; Abscess ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain ; Chest Pain ; China ; Communicable Diseases ; Cough ; Eating ; Egg Shell ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fresh Water ; Human Body ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus ; Paragonimus westermani ; Parasites ; Praziquantel ; Rage ; Spinal Cord ; Subcutaneous Tissue

OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and effectiveness of one-stage posterior eggshell osteotomy and long-segment pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis combined with acute thoracolumbar vertebral fracture. METHODS: A clinical data of 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis combined with acute thoracolumbar spine fracture, who were treated with one-stage posterior eggshell osteotomy and long-segment pedicle screw fixation between April 2016 and January 2022, was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 16 cases were male and 4 cases were female; their ages ranged from 32 to 68 years, with an average of 45.9 years. The causes of injury included 10 cases of sprain, 8 cases of fall, and 2 cases of falling from height. The time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 12 days, with an average of 7.1 days. The injured segment was T ₁₁ in 2 cases, T ₁₂ in 2 cases, L ₁ in 6 cases, and L ₂ in 10 cases. X-ray film and CT showed that the patients had characteristic imaging manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis, and the fracture lines were involved in the anterior, middle, and posterior columns and accompanied by different degrees of kyphosis and vertebral compression; and MRI showed that 12 patients had different degrees of nerve injuries. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intra- and post-operative complications were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate the low back pain and quality of life, and the American spinal cord injury association (ASIA) classification was used to evaluate the neurological function. X-ray films were taken, and local Cobb angle (LCA) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured to evaluate the correction of the kyphosis. RESULTS: All operations were successfully completed and the operation time ranged from 127 to 254 minutes (mean, 176.3 minutes). The amount of intraoperative bleeding ranged from 400 to 950 mL (mean, 722.5 mL). One case of dural sac tear occurred during operation, and no cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred after repair, and the rest of the patients did not suffer from neurological and vascular injuries, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and other related complications during operation. All incisions healed by first intention without infection or fat liquefaction. All patients were followed up 8-16 months (mean, 12.5 months). The VAS score, ODI, LCA, and SVA at 3 days after operation and last follow-up significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05), and the difference between 3 days after operation and last follow-up was not significant ( P>0.05). The ASIA grading of neurological function at last follow-up also significantly improved when compared with that before operation ( P<0.05), including 17 cases of grade E and 3 cases of grade D. At last follow-up, all bone grafts achieved bone fusion, and no complications such as loosening, breaking of internal fixation, and pseudoarthrosis occurred. CONCLUSION One-stage posterior eggshell osteotomy and long-segment pedicle screw fixation is an effective surgical procedure for ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis combined with acute thoracolumbar vertebral fracture. It can significantly relieve patients' clinical symptoms and to some extent, alleviate the local kyphotic deformity.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Spinal Fractures/surgery* ; Pedicle Screws ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Egg Shell/injuries* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Kyphosis/surgery* ; Osteotomy ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Fractures, Compression/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome