Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for 1-3% of TB cases, and of these only 0.2-1.3% had calvarial involvement. 1 Calvarial TB is most likely secondary to a primary focus.  Diagnosis is confirmed through findings of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via microbiological, histopathological or cytopathological methods. This case report presents
Primary Calvarial Tuberculosis in a five-year old male presenting with multiple cranial masses and initial diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).

Human ; Male ; Child Preschool (a Child Between The Ages Of 2 And 5) ; Tuberculosis ; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to determine and compare the anxiety of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their well siblings based on Child drawing: Hospital manual and to identify factors associated with the level of anxiety. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was done in the hematology-oncology outpatient clinic and private clinics of hema-oncology specialist in tertiary pediatric hospitals. The study included children five to eleven years old diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and their well siblings. RESULTS: A total of forty dyads of participants were included in the study. ALL patients presented higher anxiety scores than their siblings. However, this was not statistically significant. There is a weak direct correlation between overall anxiety scores of ALL patients and their siblings (p = 0.017). There is insufficient evidence to demonstrate an association between select clinical factors with anxiety scores. The linear regression model showed 49.77% in the variation of the anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS: There is a direct correlation between overall anxiety scores of ALL patients and their siblings. There is a positive association with larger family size and child’s response to sibling’s illness. A larger families are likely to have a healthier environment. The study showed low to average anxiety levels among participants which may be related to quality of care and support given by the institution and inherent resiliency of the family. RECOMMENDATIONS Future research should aim to develop psychological, emotional and behavioral programs in partnerships with families and other social support groups. Future studies should examine other possible cultural and psychodynamic factors prevalent in Filipino Family.
Human ; Anxiety ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-lymphoma

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to determine and compare the anxiety of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and their well siblings based on Child drawing: Hospital manual and to identify factors associated with the level of anxiety. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was done in tertiary pediatric hospitals which included children aged five to eleven years old diagnosed with ALL and their well siblings. RESULTS: A total of forty dyads of participants were studied. ALL patients presented higher anxiety scores than their siblings, but this was not statistically significant. There is a weak direct correlation between overall anxiety scores of ALL patients and their siblings (p = 0.017). There is insufficient evidence for an association between select clinical factors with anxiety scores. The linear regression model explained 49.77% in the variation of the anxiety scores but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is a direct correlation between overall anxiety scores of ALL patients and their siblings. There is also a positive association with larger family size and child‘s response to sibling‘s illness. Larger families are likelier to have a healthier environment. The study also showed low to average anxiety levels among participants which may be related to quality of care and support given by the institution and inherent resiliency of the family. RECOMMENDATIONS Future research should aim to develop programs in partnership with families and other social support groups and explore the effectiveness of these interventions. Further studies should examine other possible cultural and psychodynamic factors prevalent in Filipino Family.
Anxiety ; Siblings

It has been considered that viral infections predispose patients to bacterial infections due to immunosuppression.3 However, it is still unclear what exact roles co-infections play in patients with COVID-19 infection1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines co -infection as an infection concurrent with the initial infection. This report discusses a case of meningoencephalitis presenting with seizures. Notable in this case was the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Salmonella in the CSF.
Coronavirus