OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the comprehensive technical efficiency of the tertiary public hospitals in Beijing between 2006 and 2015 and explore its influencing factors, so as to propose corresponding policy suggestions. METHODS: The data envelopment analysis was employed to evaluate the comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the tertiary public hospitals in Beijing. Malmquist index model was used to analyze the changes of the above three dynamic efficiencies. Finally, randomeffect panel tobit model was utilized to analyze the influencing factors of the comprehensive technical efficiency. RESULTS: The average comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of the tertiary public hospitals in Beijing were relatively high, and they had respectively increased from 0.44 and 0.51 in 2006 to 0.62 and 0.68 in 2015, and the highest proportion of two kinds of efficiency values was between 0.5 and 0.8. Most of the scale efficiency values distributed between 0.8 and 1.0, and the majority of hospitals were in a state of decreasing returns to scale. The total factor productivity of hospitals had been increasing at an average rate of 5.78% per year due to the double progress of technical efficiency and technology at annual rates of 3.77% and 1.94% respectively, further decomposing technological efficiency change, and the pure technical efficiency change increased at the speed of 3.21% per year, and the annual average rate of progress in scale efficiency was only 0.53%. The comprehensive technical efficiency was positively correlated with the turnover rate of beds, annual visits per doctor, the ratio of doctors to nurses, and negatively correlated with the number of beds, the ratio of outpatients to inpatients, the proportion of medical technical personnel, and the proportion of drugs. CONCLUSION Future health policies should strictly control the scale of tertiary public hospitals, pay attention to the innovation and application of hospital technology, change the hospital internal management level and management model, promote refined management, and achieve sustainable development.
Efficiency, Organizational ; Hospitals, Public

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of customer orientation in nurses whose work experience was between 1 and 5 years and to examine factors associated with customer orientation and nursing productivity. METHODS: For this descriptive correlational study, nurses (N=164) were recruited from a University Hospital in B city, from November 1 to 23, 2012. Questionnaires included measures of customer orientation, nursing productivity, organizational commitment, job stress, and turnover intention. Data were analysed with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 25 years, 96% were single, and 54.9% had a bachelor degree. Organizational commitment (beta=.387) and job stress (beta=.280) significantly explained the variance in customer orientation (R2=15.8). Customer orientation (beta=.479), education level (beta=.196), and turnover intention (beta=-.184) significantly explained the variance in nursing productivity (R2=35.3). Customer orientation was the most important factor in explaining the variance in the nursing productivity. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the relationship between customer orientation and nursing productivity. Improving the customer orientation could result in increasing nursing productivity. Future managerial intervention to improve customer orientation is warranted.
Education ; Efficiency* ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Intention ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo develop a maintenance management system for medical equipment based on HIS. The system contains some special functions( including preventive maintenance, automatic job dispatch, performance assessment, etc.) which are very useful for confirming the medical equipment in proper conditions and promoting the working efficiency of the staff. The system provides technical support for the improvement of the maintenance management level.

METHODSThe system, completed the software design using C/S, B/S combination mode.

RESULTSThe system realized clients of various sections of zero maintenance, and make the data manipulation, statistical features of equipment management department more convenient.

CONCLUSIONthe system connects the subsystems closer and interacts information from time to time, forming a tight network structure. This provides a basis for future hospital-wide information integration.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the paths of influence that a hospital's ethical climate exerts on nurses' organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior, with supervisor trust as the mediating factor, and verify compatibility of the models in hospital nurses. METHODS: The sample consisted of 374 nurses recruited from four hospitals in 3 cities in Korea. The measurements included the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, Supervisor Trust Questionnaire, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Ethical Climate Questionnaire consisted of 6 factors; benevolence, personal morality, company rules and procedures, laws and professional codes, self-interest and efficiency. Data were analysed using SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 18.0. RESULTS: Supervisor trust was explained by benevolence and self-interest (29.8%). Organizational commitment was explained by benevolence, supervisor trust, personal morality, and rules and procedures (40.4%). Organizational citizenship behavior was explained by supervisor trust, laws and codes, and benevolence (21.8%). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that managers need to develop a positive hospital ethical climate in order to improve nurses' trust in supervisors, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.
Beneficence ; Climate* ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Ethics ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Morals ; Negotiating

OBJECTIVEImprove the electronic application appointment and scheduling methods in hospital to optimize patients appointment and improve utilization of hospital inspection equipment.

METHODAnalyze the workflow of existing electronic application and put forward the improvement scheme.

RESULTDeveloped a set of efficient appointment scheduling system, thus optimize the workflow of hospital exam.

CONCLUSIONThis system not only optimizes the patient's examination time, but also improves the utilization of hospital inspection equipment.

PURPOSE: This review aimed to integrate the results of studies related to presenteeism in clinical nurses and to suggest directions for future research. METHODS: The search for relevant studies was conducted using six data bases according to predetermined index terms, “nurs*” and “presenteeism.” Thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. RESULTS: This review found that the conceptual use and scope of presenteeism were not consistent among the studies. Most studies investigated the nurses' health-related variables as the most important factors and reported their positive association with presenteeism. Presenteeism was also found to be associated with job stress, job satisfaction, social support, and organizational culture and had a negative impact on nursing outcomes such as patient safety. CONCLUSION: The research on presenteeism can be used as a way to explain outcomes in the field of nursing where direct measurement of productivity is difficult. Presenteeism is a multidimensional problem, and a theoretical foundation is needed to explain the presenteeism of clinical nurses.
Efficiency ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture ; Patient Safety ; Presenteeism*

This paper introduces a data warehouse model for outpatient payments, which is designed according to the requirements of the hospital financial management while dimensional modeling technique is combined with the analysis on the requirements. This data warehouse model can not only improve the accuracy of financial management requirements, but also greatly increase the efficiency and quality of the hospital management.
Ambulatory Care ; economics ; Databases, Factual ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Financial Management, Hospital

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to understand the concept of innovative behavior and its theoretical and practical implications for nursing. METHODS: Eight-step modification of Wilson's classic concept analysis procedure (1963) by Walker and Avant's (2005) was used to explore the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of innovative behavior in the literature. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, OVID Medline, Science Direct, and ERIC databases using “innovative behavior” or “innovative work behavior”, “innovativeness”, “innovation”, “leadership”, “healthcare”, and “nursing” as keywords, with no limitation on publication date. RESULTS: Organizing the framework based on the method of concept analysis by Walker and Avant, defining attributes to innovative behavior were opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea search, idea communication, promotion of idea, idea championing, application, and overcoming obstacles. Antecedents to innovative behavior are categorized into three groups: organizational characteristics, work environmental characteristics, and individual characteristics. Consequences of innovative behavior included job productivity, lower levels of job burnout, job satisfaction, solving the organizational problems, organizational commitment, organizational efficiency, and effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Eight dimensions including opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea search, idea communication, idea promotion, championing, application, and overcoming obstacles were analyzed. We suggest promoting innovative behavior through leadership and management in nursing. Future research should focus on developing instruments and conducting empirical studies on innovative behavior in nursing research and practice.
Concept Formation ; Efficiency ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Job Satisfaction ; Leadership ; Methods ; Nursing Research ; Nursing* ; Publications ; Walkers

PURPOSE: This study was a secondary analysis to verify the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) between organizational justice (OJ) and organizational effectiveness (OE) in nursing organizations. METHODS: The RN-BSNs and their colleagues in Seoul and Busan were subjects. The data was collected for 20 days between September 13 and October 2, 2004. Two hundred eighty three data sets were used for the final analysis. The fitness of models were tested using AMOS 5. RESULTS: The fitness of hypothetical model was moderate. Procedural Justice (PJ), Interaction Justice (IJ) and Distributive Justice (DJ) had direct effects on Job Satisfaction (JS), Organizational Commitment (OC) and Turnover Intention (TI) in OE, and indirect effects on JS, OC and TI mediated by OCB. The modified model improved with ideal fitness showed the causal relations among OE. In modified model, PJ, IJ and DJ had direct positive effects on OCB and JS and OC in OE, and indirect effects on JS and OC mediated by OCB. JS and OC in OE had a direct negative effect on TI. CONCLUSION: OCB mediated the relationship between OJ and OE, so the nursing managers should enhance OCB of the nurses in order to improve OE.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*organization & administration/*psychology ; Organizational Culture ; Organizational Objectives ; Questionnaires ; Social Justice ; Social Responsibility ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in laboratory information systems have largely been focused on automation. However, the phlebotomy services have not been completely automated. To address this issue, we introduced an automated reception and turnaround time (TAT) management system, for the first time in Korea, whereby the patient's information is transmitted directly to the actual phlebotomy site and the TAT for each phlebotomy step can be monitored at a glance. METHODS: The GNT5 system (Energium Co., Ltd., Korea) was installed in June 2013. The automated reception and TAT management system has been in operation since February 2014. Integration of the automated reception machine with the GNT5 allowed for direct transmission of laboratory order information to the GNT5 without involving any manual reception step. We used the mean TAT from reception to actual phlebotomy as the parameter for evaluating the efficiency of our system. RESULTS: Mean TAT decreased from 5:45 min to 2:42 min after operationalization of the system. The mean number of patients in queue decreased from 2.9 to 1.0. Further, the number of cases taking more than five minutes from reception to phlebotomy, defined as the defect rate, decreased from 20.1% to 9.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of automated reception and TAT management system was associated with a decrease of overall TAT and an improved workflow at the phlebotomy room.
Automation, Laboratory ; Efficiency, Organizational/*standards ; Phlebotomy/*statistics & numerical data ; Republic of Korea ; Time Factors ; Workflow