In the figure 3, designation of severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was misprinted. Open bars (white) represent severe BPD, not mild BPD. Closed bars (Black) represent mild BPD, not severe BPD. Gray bars in the middle represent moderate BPD without change.

The ESR is one of the oldest laboratory test still in use. Although it lacks specificity in diagnosis, it can be effective for monitoring disease activity and following-up. The Westergren method is used for reference method, however coefficient of variation has been described 0.8% to 22.9% according to the literature. Since the ESR was invented in 1921, measurement technique has developed and automated measurement is introduced. We analyzed one hundred forty-three patient samples using SEDIsystem' automated ESR measuring system and compared with modified Westergren and Wintrobe methods. Comparison between SEDIsystem' and modified Westergren for ESR measurement yields the following regression equation; y = 0.863x - 1.69 (r=0.830), SEDIsystem'M and Wintrobe y'= 1.14x - 14.7 (r=0.789), rcspectively. We repeated measurement to evaluate reliability, results are not significant in statistically. In conclusion, SEDIsysten' automated ESR measurement correlated with modified Westergren and Wintro" ; methods, reveal reliable results after 4 hours and can report rapidly for large samples. Thus, these results indicate that SEDIsystenT"' automated ESR measurement may be useful tool for clinical practice.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

To produce milk, four secretory processes are synchronized in the alveolar cell of the mature, functional mammary gland: (1) exocytosis, (2) fat synthesis and secretion, (3) secretion of ions and water, and (4) transcytosis of immunoglubulins and other substances from the interstitial space. Milk is synthesized continuously into the alveolar lumen, where it is stored until milk removal from the breast is initiated. Prolactin mediates the central nervous system regulation of milk secretion, but its influence is modified greatly by local factors that depend on milk removal from the breast. Oxytocin mediates milk let-down by stimulating the contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround the alveoli and ducts. Lactogenesis includes all the processes necessary to go from the undifferentiated mammary gland in the early pregnant animal to full lactation sometime after parturition. The most important factors in initiation of lactogenesis stage II appear to be progesterone withdrawal. The metabolic demands of breastfeeding require an increase in maternal metabolism. Postpartum suppression of fertility is thought to be the result of an alteration in pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion from the hypothalamus. Women who wish to ensure against pregnancy during lactation usually are advised to use other contraceptive means.
Animals ; Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Central Nervous System ; Contracts ; Dietary Sucrose ; Exocytosis ; Female ; Fertility ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Ions ; Lactation ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Milk ; Milk Ejection ; Oxytocin ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; Prolactin ; Secretory Pathway ; Transcytosis ; Water

BACKGROUND: Elecsys 2010 immunoassay system is based on the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using a ruthenium (II) tris (bipyridyl) label. Since it was the first time to use the system in our laboratory, we would like to evaluate the analytical performances (precision, linearity and recovery rate) and correlation with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) methods. METHODS: We used precicontrol tumor marker (TM1, TM2) for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Precicontrol universal (Ul, U2) for triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), Precicontrol-TSH for thyrotropin (TSH) and pooled serum for the evaluation of precision and recovery rate. Patients' sera were used for the linearity and comparison study. RESULTS: The coefficients of variatron of Imprecision study were below; 4.0%, 8.7% and 10.2%, respectively in the within-run, within-day and between-day analysis. The recovery rates were 100.5%, 96.1% and 102.5%, respectively in T4, TSH, and AFP. The linearity were y=1.02x-0.182(r=0.99) for T4, y=1.01x+0.12 (r=0.99) for TSH and y=1.01x+0.54(r=1.00) for AFP. T3, T4, TSH, CEA and PSA results showed good correlation with RIA (r>0.90), but AFP showed r=0.88. Also, AFP, CEA and PSA results showed excellent correlation with AxSYM (r>0.99). CONCLUSION: Elecsys 2010 immunoassay system showed excellent precision, recovery rate, clinically acceptable linearity and good correlation with the results obtained by RIA and MEIA methods.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Immunoassay* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Radioimmunoassay ; Ruthenium ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine ; Triiodothyronine

Preterm infants are frequently discharged from the hospital with growth retardation. Given the potentially lifelong effects of growth impairmnet during a critical time of development, considerable effort should be focused on improving growth after discharge. Growth monitoring must be based on regular measurements of weight, length, and head circumference to identify those preterm infants with poor growth that may need additional nutritional support. Although prior studies vary in design and the intervention used, the evidence supports the use of fortified formulas in formula-fed preterm infants after discharge. The situation for infants fed human milk is much less clear, it seems prudent to concentrate our efforts on the encouragement of breast-feeding in this population. Catch up growth may have many benefits, and may lead to improved development. However, its long-term metabolic consequences are currently unclear. Understanding the optimal means of providing nutrition after discharge is an ongoing process.
Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Milk, Human ; Nutritional Support

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Nitric Oxide

BACKGROUND: The use of autologous transfusion is gradually increasing since it eliminates transfusion-transmitted viral diseases, and avoids the risk of alloimmunization of red blood cells and posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease. The majority of premature neonates born at less than 1500 g need one or more red blood cell transfusion during the hospitalization and cord blood is considered as the most ideal blood for neonate autologous transfusion. In order to evaluate the adequacy of stored cord blood for autologous transfusion for neonates, the levels of plasma free hemoglobin, red blood cell adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) were measured at the time of collection, and then a week interval by 4 weeks. METHODS: The cord blood was collected in a single donor bag with CPDA-1 by aseptic technique from 28 newborns, stored for 28 days at 4degrees C, and changes in the levels of plasma free hemoglobin, red blood cell ATP and 2,3-DPG were measured at the time of collection, and then a week interval by 4 weeks for 26 cord bloods which were not presented with any bacterial growth during the storage. RESULTS: At the time of sampling, hemolysis was 0.11+/-0.16%, and intracellular ATP and 2,3-DPG were 3.74+/-0.99 mumol/g Hb and 11.67+/-1.21 mumol/g Hb, respectively. During the storage, hemolysis gradually increased to 0.61+/-1.09% on 28 days (p<0.05). ATP gradually decreased to 2.98+/-0.92 mumol/g Hb (80% of initial level) on 28 days(p<0.05). The levels of 2,3-DPG were 4.20+/-0.87 mumol/g Hb (about 35% of initial level) on 7 days(p<0.05) and 1.16+/-0.74 mumol/g Hb (less than 10% of initial level) on 28 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, ATP and 2,3-DPG levels of cord blood that are related to the viability of red blood cells during the storage were similar to those of adults. Thus the cord blood appeared to be an appropriate source for neonate autologous transfusion, however, more intensive studies on the effects of 2,3-DPG and metabolic products in vivo are necessary since physical conditions and physiology of the red blood cells in the neonates are different in many aspects from those of adults and children.
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate* ; Adenosine Triphosphate* ; Adenosine* ; Adult ; Child ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Fetal Blood* ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hemolysis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Physiology ; Plasma* ; Tissue Donors ; Virus Diseases

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency and remains a major cause of mortality for very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI) requiring surgery. To date, there have been no large-scale studies evaluating the incidence, associated clinical factors and outcomes of NEC for VLBWI in Korea. The 2,326 VLBWI of a total 2,386 Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) cohort born with a birth weight below 1,500 g between January 2013 to June 2014 were included in this analysis. The overall incidence of NEC (stage > or = 2) among VLBWI in Korea was 6.8%; 149 infants had NEC stage > or = 2 and 2,177 infants did not have NEC. Surgery was performed for 77 (53%) of the infants in the NEC group. NEC was related to lower gestational age (GA) and birth weight (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that NEC was consistently related to hypotension within one week after birth (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.9). With respect to outcome, the NEC group had longer times to reach 100 mL/kg/day feeding (P < 0.001), longer TPN duration (P < 0.001) and hospitalization (P = 0.031) and higher PVL (P < 0.001) and mortality rate (P < 0.001). When the medical and surgical NEC groups were compared, GA was significantly lower and PDA was more found in the surgical NEC group. The overall incidence of NEC in Korea is similar to that of other multicenter studies. In addition to GA and birth weight, hypotension within a week of life is significantly related to NEC.
Birth Weight ; Databases, Factual ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/*epidemiology/mortality ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; *Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors

A 32 year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of nausea, vomiting, fever and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed lower abdominal mass associated with severe peritoneal irritation sign. The right testis was not palpated. Though the tumor might be the abdominal cryptorchid testis tumor. the other surgical abdominal conditions of non-urologic origin couldn't be rouled out. So, we performed emergent exploration. The mass had been ruptured and adhered to sigmoid colon. Histological examination revealed mixed germ cell tumor, composed of yolk sac tumor and classic seminoma. We performed systemic chemotherapy with bleomycin. etoposide and cisplatin under diagnosis of mixed germ cell tumor of stage III B-5.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Bleomycin ; Cisplatin ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Etoposide ; Fever ; Humans ; Male ; Nausea ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Physical Examination ; Rupture, Spontaneous* ; Seminoma ; Testis* ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: To compare the growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm twins conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) with those naturally conceived. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic medical records of 64 children assessed by K-ASQ (Korean ages & stages questionnaires) at 18 month or 24 month of corrected age. Physical growth was evaluated by Z-scores of weight, length and head circumference at 12 months and 24 months. RESULTS: Thirty eight (59.4%) preterm twins were the in vitro fertilization group and 26 (40.6%) preterm twins were in the natural conception group. Significantly higher rate of monochorionicity and small for gestational age were detected in the natural conception group (P value=0.001, P value=0.025, respectively). Z scores of weight, length and head circumference were calculated in 56 (87.5%) infants and 51 (79.7%) infants at 12 months and 24 months, respectively. Physical growth did not differ between the two groups. Fifty nine (92.2%) and 40 (65.2%) preterm twins were assessed by K-ASQ at 18 months and 24 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in the rates of cases scored less than -2 standard deviation below the mean in K-ASQ between the IVF and natural conception groups. CONCLUSION: Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm twins conceived by IVF were comparable with that of naturally conceived preterm twins.
Child ; Electronic Health Records ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gestational Age ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Twins