Technology has become a major driver of the future direction of healthcare and surgery. Likewise, the speed of change has accelerated beyond comprehension, with a number of revolutions occurring during a surgeon's career. Being an agent of change or rapidly adapting to change has become the hallmark of the gifted surgeon. The fundamental challenges to a future surgeon are addressed from a technological viewpoint, with emphasis on the impact upon healthcare.
Biomedical Technology/education/ethics/*trends ; Education, Medical/trends ; General Surgery/trends ; Humans ; Medicine/trends ; Research/trends ; Robotics/trends

Animals ; Education, Medical ; trends ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends

The present paper reviews the development courses of acupuncture and moxibustion and gives an introduction to the present situation, education and legislation of acupuncture and moxibustion in United Kingdom. Acupuncture and moxibustion have been developed in United Kingdom since 1960s, the London College of TCM was established by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine join forced with Acu-medic Foundation in 1993, and so far, acupuncture has been taught as an undergraduate program in four United Kingdom universities. Since 2002, the British government and Ministry of Health have begun on the legislation of Chinese Medicine and acupuncture and moxibustion, the lawmaking group of Ministry of Health in British submitted a bill about the legislation of acupuncture and herbal medicine as well as Chinese Medicine to the British government in 2008. Clinical levels of acupuncture workers are quite different and the therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion for nearly 20 diseases displays certain effect. The government or one's own can pay the expenses for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.
Acupuncture ; education ; legislation & jurisprudence ; trends ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Moxibustion ; trends ; United Kingdom

The current situation of courses on diagnosis and treatment with acupuncture both domestically and internationally were analyzed in this article. It explored the methods of enhancing the dialectical thinking method in clinic through specific cases, and proposed suggestions for editions of the textbooks and examination papers on acupuncture education. It is held that the effect of courses on acupuncture diagnosis and treatment may directly influence the ability of student on application of acupuncture in disease prevention and treatment. Acupuncture education abroad is featured with flexibility and practicability. However, attention attached on theory is not enough. Oppositely, domestic courses focus more on theoretical study, but neglect the hands-on ability. Although certain result has been achieved by various forms of the domestic education reform, it still needs to be further perfected.
Acupuncture ; education ; trends ; Education, Medical ; trends ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends

China ; Competency-Based Education ; Education, Medical ; methods ; trends

INTRODUCTIONVarious curricular innovations were adopted by medical schools worldwide in an attempt to produce medical graduates that could meet future healthcare needs of society locally and globally. This paper presents findings on curricular approaches implemented in Malaysian medical schools, in trying to meet those needs.

METHODSInformation was obtained from published records, responses from various questionnaires, personal communication and involvement with curricular development.

RESULTSCurricular innovations tended to be implemented in new medical schools upon their establishment. Established medical schools seemed to implement these innovations much later. Curricular trends appear to move towards integration, student-centred and problem-based learning as well as community-oriented medical education, with the Student-centred learning, Problem-based learning, Integrated teaching, Community-based education, Electives and Systematic programme (SPICES) model used as a reference. The focus is based on the premise that although the short-term aim of undergraduate medical education in Malaysia is to prepare graduates for the pre-registration house officer year, they must be able to practise and make decisions independently and be sensitive to the needs of the country's multiracial, multi-religious, and often remote communities.

CONCLUSIONIn most cases, curricular planning starts with a prescriptive model where planners focus on several intended outcomes. However, as the plan is implemented and evaluated it becomes descriptive as the planners reassess the internal and external factors that affect outcomes. A common trend in community-oriented educational activities is evident, with the introduction of interesting variations, to ensure that the curriculum can be implemented, sustained and the intended outcomes achieved.

Translational research has become a globally recognized model of medical research. Chinese government and doctors have begun to discuss the plan for its development. But most articles are focusing on the advantages rather than its pros and cons. In this essay, the authors discuss the disadvantages of translational research, its effects on clinical work and medical education, highlighting some potential problems and risks in theory and practice on case basis. Some important research management requirements are summarized in this essay to help bring the therapy from the research laboratory to the patient's bedside.
China ; Education, Medical ; Research ; Role ; Translational Medical Research ; trends

INTRODUCTIONProblem-based learning (PBL) is student-centred, self-directed and collaborative. In medical education it is based on clinical cases and is widely considered to facilitate the development of key professional competencies. Whilst PBL is extensively employed in medical schools worldwide, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine is one of very few schools that offer it to pre-clinical students as a major pathway of study. We have identified several problems associated with implementation of the programme and attempted to provide solutions with 3 new learning tools. In this study we use action research to evaluate the success of our strategy.

METHODSWe examined the students' perception of the effectiveness of case-based formative assessment, case-based "question and answer" workshops, and reviews of annotated examinations as learning tools, using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire.

RESULTSA majority of both first- and second-year students perceived all 3 learning tools to be helpful. In general, the most positive responses were received from second-year students. First-year students evaluated casebased formative assessments more positively when they were about to take examinations.

CONCLUSIONSCase-based formative assessments, case-based workshops and reviews of annotated examinations were perceived as helpful learning tools by both first- and second-year medical students in PBL learning pathways.

Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; methods ; trends ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Humans ; Schools, Medical ; Singapore

Congresses as Topic ; Curriculum ; trends ; Education, Medical ; standards ; Humans