OBJECTIVETo investigate the physicochemical constants such as equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficients (Papp), and study the effects of temperature, pH value and antioxidants on the stability of breviscapine solution.

METHODThe equilibrium solubility of breviscapine in various medium and the Papp of breviscapine under different pH conditions were determinated by RP-HPLC, and the effects of temperature, pH value and antioxidants on the stability of solution were investigated by taking change rates of drug content in 10 h as detection index.

RESULTThe equilibrium solubility of breviscapine in saline, distilled water, pH 7.0 PBS, pH 7.5 PBS, Ringer's fluid, methanol and ethanol were (20.68 +/- 1.12), (79.35 +/- 0.68), (7954.62 +/- 34.90), (18,708.17 +/- 253.05), (3670.40 +/- 27.64), (210.71 +/- 0.74), (184.34 +/- 1.47) mg x L(-1) respectively; while in pH value 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.5, 7.0 solution, the Papp were 5.362, 0.542, 0.371, 0.328 and 0.143 respectively. The stability of breviscapine in the Ringer's fluid was the worst and the stability was significantly decreased with the increase of temperature and pH value and it could be improved by EDTA-2Na.

CONCLUSIONThe established HPLC assay was accurate and convenient. The Papp of breviscapine is decreased by increased the pH value, while in the aqueous solution the equilibrium solubility of breviscapine increase with the pH in crese. EDTA-2Na can be used as an antioxidant of breviscapine solution.

Antioxidants ; chemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Drug Stability ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Solutions ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Temperature

To establish an EDTA complexation extraction pretreatment combining with GFAAS method for the determination of residual aluminium ion in Huoxiang zhengqi pellets without digestive treatment, systematical investigation was made on sample preparation, and EDTA was used for the complexation extraction of residual aluminium ion in samples. The pH, concentration and volume of extraction solution, the temperature and time of microwave extraction, and graphite furnace temperature program were investigated. The results were compared with the microwave digestion. It was showed that, 0.1 g of sample weight was added in 20 mL 0.05 mol x L(-1) EDTA solution (pH 3.5), followed by heating at 150 degrees C for 10 min in the microwave extraction device. The determination of GFAAS was performed at optimized detection wavelength (257.4 nm) as well as graphite furnace temperature program, the detection limits and quantification limits were 2.37 μg x L(-1) and 7.89 μg x L(-1), respectively. The precision (RSD) was less than 2.3%. The average recovery was 96.9% -101%. The present method is easy, rapid and accurate for the determination of residual aluminium ion in Huoxiang zhengqi pellets.
Aluminum ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Graphite ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Temperature

Routine protein assays are usually affected with various compounds, and we need to use different protein quantification protocol to deal with different interference. In order to simplify the procedure, we developed a new method, in which the components and concentrations of the reagents were modified mainly based on classic Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent for reducing the susceptibility to interfering substances. Standard curves of the new method were established with different levels of bovine serum albumin, and then, we assessed and evaluated the detectable wavelengths and stability. In particular, the tolerability to several interfering substances was analyzed by using cytolysis solutions containing different chemicals. Our data in this study show that the new method could be applied to detecting protein concentrations accurately, even in the presence of surfactants such as 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 2% NP-40, or 1% TrintonX-100, chelators of 25 mmol/L EDTA or 1 mmol/L Ethylene glycol bis (2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid (EGTA), reductants of 1 mmol/L Dithiothretol (DTT) orbeta-Mercaptoethanol (ME), or nitrogen-containing compounds of 0.5 mol/L ammonium sulphate or 4 mol/L urea. Taken together, these results indicate that the new approach significantly improves the tolerance to the interfering substances, which could be potentially useful in measuring the contents of proteins interfered with such substances.
Animals ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Egtazic Acid ; chemistry ; Indicators and Reagents ; chemistry ; Molybdenum ; chemistry ; Proteins ; analysis ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; analysis ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry ; Tungsten Compounds ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Additional tests ordered by doctors after checking abnormal routine test results for inpatients are usually delayed for one day or more, which in turn delays diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and prolongs length of stay (LOS) for the patients. We at Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center (AMC), established a "secondary order system for laboratory tests without additional blood sampling" to improve the conventional reflexive tests. METHODS: Oracle 8.0 (Oracle Co., Belmont, CA, USA) was used for data base software and Powerbuilder (Powersoft, Burlington, UK) for client development tool. Specimens subjected to "reflexive tests by doctors without additional blood sampling" were SST tubes for routine chemistry and EDTA for routine hematology requested in the morning of additional requests of the laboratory tests. RESULTS: Programs of registration and request for "reflexive tests by doctors without additional blood sampling" and bar code printing were developed for clinicians to check the routine test results and to order additional tests, if necessary, and for laboratory to perform the requested tests using the same samples used for routine chemistry and hematology tests in the morning. Additionally requested tests were done by finding the SST and EDTA samples, putting newly printed bar code, and processing them as usual. In February 2004, right after introducing reflexive tests by doctors without additional blood sampling, 75 additional requests were made for 50 patients, but they increased gradually up to 1,020 tests for 698 patients in December 2004. In 2005, the monthly average number of tests was 1,035 for 742 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The reflexive tests by doctors without additional blood sampling developed at AMC helped establish a rapid reporting of test results, which in turn reduced LOS related to laboratory. It also increased patient satisfactory indices by reducing repeated blood sampling and would also contribute to the financial health of the hospital.
Automatic Data Processing ; Chemistry ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Edetic Acid ; Hematology ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Length of Stay ; Reflex

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of removing EDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin on the later remineralization for the purpose of better understanding of mechanism of dentin phosphate proteins on dentin mineralization.

METHODSTo remove soluble phosphate protein by EDTA dissolution, then the remineralization rate was monitored by a constant composition crystal growth technique. The results were compared with those from the normal dentin and the dentin partially demineralized by acetic acid.

RESULTSFaster remineralization rates were found with dentin demineralized by EDTA (0.5 and 2 h) compared with normal dentin powder, while a slower rate was found with dentin demineralized by acetic acid. The increase of remineralization rate by removing phosphate protein from dentin was 100% more at 200 min after the start of the reaction.

CONCLUSIONEDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin has a great potential to inhibit remineralization.

Dental Cementum ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Dentin ; chemistry ; Edetic Acid ; Humans ; Phosphoproteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Tooth Demineralization ; metabolism ; Tooth Remineralization

OBJECTIVETo develop a simple and reliable method for intensifying the hybridization signals of gene chips.

METHODSThe authors added EDTA and another FAM-labeled probe to the normal PCR products, denatured the mixture by heat, and then let the mixture hybridize with the fastened probes on the chip.

RESULTSWith the use of EDTA and another FAM-labeled probe, the hybridization signals increased by 6 times or greater.

CONCLUSIONAdding EDTA and another probe to the normal PCR products is a simple and efficient method to intensify the hybridization signal of chips.

Base Sequence ; DNA Probes ; chemistry ; genetics ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results

The concentrations of heavy metals in the extracting solutions of traditional Chinese medicine are usually very low. Furthermore, a vast number of organic components contained in the extracting solutions would be able to coordinate with heavy metals, which might lead to great difficulty in high efficient removal of them from the extracting solutions. This paper was focused on the removal of heavy metals of low concentrations from the extracting solution of Angelica sinensis by applying an EDTA-modified chitosan magnetic adsorbent (EDTA-modified chitosan/SiO2/Fe3O4, abbreviated as EDCMS). The results showed that EDCMS exhibited high efficiency for the removal of heavy metals, such as Cu, Cd and Pb, e.g. the removal percentage of Cd and Pb reached 90% and 94.7%, respectively. Besides, some amounts of other heavy metals like Zn and Mn were also removed by EDCMS. In addition, the total solid contents, the amount of ferulic acid and the HPLC fingerprints of the extracting solution were not changed significantly during the heavy metal removal process. These results indicate that EDCMS may act as an applicable and efficient candidate for the removal of heavy metals from the extracting solution of A. sinensis.
Adsorption ; Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Edetic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Magnetics ; methods ; Metals, Heavy ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of radicular dentin treatments of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the regional root canal bonding interface of quartz fiber posts using 2 luting materials with SEM analysis.

METHODSNine intact maxillary central incisors were sectioned and endodontically treated. Standardized post space preparations and acid etch were performed. All specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 3). D.T.LIGHT posts were placed into the root canal using one of three radicular dentin treatments (0.9% NaCl for 60 s, 10% NaOCl for 60 s, 17% EDTA for 60 s followed by 5.25% NaOCl for 60 s) in combination of one of two luting materials (DuoLink, LuxaCore) respectively (factorial design). Cervical, middle, apical sections of each teeth are used for SEM study and spectroscopy of dispersion energy (EDS) microanalysis.

RESULTSWith the radicular dentin treatment with 10% NaOCl alone or with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl, longer and increased number of penetration of resin tags into the dentinal tubules were observed at the resin-dentin interfaces, and adhesive lateral branches could be found easily. EDS microanalysis showed increase in the infiltration behavior of the luting cement.

CONCLUSIONSRadicular dentin treatments provide good resin infiltration, which can produce a three-dimensional interlocking micronetwork of resin tags in the dentin tubules with multiple lateral branches that penetrate the intertubular dentin, thus positively influence the adhesion between dentin and the luting materials.

Acid Etching, Dental ; methods ; Composite Resins ; chemistry ; Dental Bonding ; Dentin ; ultrastructure ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; chemistry ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Humans ; Incisor ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Post and Core Technique ; instrumentation ; Quartz ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Root Canal Therapy ; Sodium Chloride ; chemistry ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; chemistry

BACKGROUND: Specimen requirements such as type of anticoagulant and number of tube for body fluid analysis vary with specimen type and requested laboratory tests. We compared the results of six clinical chemistry tests between EDTA anticoagulated and anticoagulant-free body fluids. METHODS: A total of 191 body fluids (45 pleural, 28 bronchoalveolar lavage, 35 peritoneal, 45 peritosol, and 38 synovial fluids) were aliquoted into EDTA tubes and anticoagulant-free tubes, and were simultaneously tested for total protein, albumin, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase, and amylase. RESULTS: The coefficient of determination (R2) for all six clinical chemistry test results between EDTA anticoagulated and anticoagulant-free body fluids are more than 0.95 with the exception of glucose in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (R2= 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: EDTA anticoagulated specimen could be used for testing routinely requested clinical chemistry tests in body fluid analysis, that only one tube of specimen is necessary to perform cell count, differential count, and clinical chemistry tests.
Adenosine Deaminase ; Anticoagulants ; Body Fluids ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Count ; Chemistry, Clinical ; Clinical Chemistry Tests ; Edetic Acid ; Glucose ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase

The marine biological source of mineral drugs recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 version) mainly including pearl, nacre, clam shell, common oyster shell, ark shell, cuttle bone, and sea-ear shell are widely used in clinical. Calcium carbonate and a small amount of protein are the main components in this type of drugs. In this paper, a systematical and comparable study were carried out by determination of calcium carbonate by EDTA titration method, the crystal of calcium carbonate by X-Ray powder diffraction and the total amino acids (TAAs) of the hydrolyzed samples by ultraviolet spectrophotometry method. As a result, the crystal structure is calcite for common oyster shell, mixture of calcite and aragonite for nacre and sea-ear shell, aragonite for the other drugs. The content of calcium carbonate ranged from 86% to 96%. Cuttle bone has the highest amount of TAAs among the seven drugs which reached 1.7% while clam shell has the lowest content of 0.16% on average. In conclusion, an effective method was developed for the quality control of marine mineral drugs by comprehensive analysis of calcium carbonate and TAAs in the seven marine mineral drugs.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Animal Shells ; chemistry ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate ; analysis ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Mollusca ; chemistry ; classification ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater ; Species Specificity ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; X-Ray Diffraction