No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Ligation*

Color Doppler ultrasound imaging is an explorating method no harmful, no hemorrhagic with possibility of early diagnosis and accurate evaluation of injuries on vascular system in the pathology of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.
Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Arteries ; diagnosis

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Doppler, Color* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency*

84 patients with chronic venous insufficiency (30 males and 54 females, between 29-88 years old) were examined by color-Doppler. Reflux Venous Index was determined by pressing calf of legs when standing. Results: time, peak velocity of flow when releasing were higher than these when pressing. The mean Reflux Venous Index was 8.25. The more advantaged clinical stage, the higher Reflux Venous Index. This disease was more common at age >60 years old
Venous Insufficiency ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Venous Pressure

BACKGROUND: In vitro study, normal cardiac prosthetic valve has functional regurgitation due to structural characteristics of prosthetic valve. To evaluate functional regurgitant characteristics of prosthetic valves, we examined patients who had clinically normal mitral prosthesis. METHODS: Transesophageal two-dimensional and color doppler echocardiography were performed to 25 patients who had the clinically normal mitral prosthesis. RESULTS: Seven patients had the mitral bioprosthesis and 18 patients had the mitral mechanical prosthesis. Regurgitation was found in 4 patients(57%) with bioprosthetic valve, and the pattern of regurgitation was central in three patients and unilateral in one patient. But regurgitation was detected in 17 patients(94%) with mechanical prosthesis, and the pattern of regurgitation was bilateral in twelve patients, unilateral in four patients and central in one patient(p=0.0035). The length of regurgitant jets were 22.00+/-6.73(mm) in bioprosthetic valve and 28.65+/-7.33(mm) in mechanical valve. The regurgitant jets were detected in systolic period in most of patients. But in 4 patients who had tachycardia during TEE, regurgitation was detected in systolic and early diastolic period. CONCLUSION: Regurgitation was found in clinically normal cardiac prosthetic valves by TEE. These findings may be useful to differentiate between normal and abnormal cardiac prosthesis.
Bioprosthesis ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Tachycardia

The recently introduced real-time three-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging (RT-3D CDFI) technique provides a quick and accurate calculation of regurgitant jet volume (RJV) and fraction. In order to evaluate RT-3D CDFI in the noninvasive assessment of aortic RJV and regurgitant jet fraction (RJF) in patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed on 23 patients with isolated aortic regurgitation to obtain LV end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV), end-systolic volumes (LVESV) and RJV, and then RJF could be calculated. The regurgitant volume (RV) and regurgitant fraction (RF) calculated by two-dimensional pulsed Doppler (2D-PD) method served as reference values. The results showed that aortic RJV measured by the RT-3D CDFI method showed a good correlation with the 2D-PD measurements (r = 0.93, Y = 0.89X + 3.9, SEE = 8.6 mL, P < 0.001); the mean (SD) difference between the two methods was--1.5 (9.8) mL. % RJF estimated by the RT-3D CDFI method was also correlated well with the values obtained by the 2D-PD method (r = 0.88, Y = 0.71X + 14.8, SEE = 6.4%, P < 0.001); the mean (SD) difference between the two methods was--1.2 (7.9) %. It was suggested that the newly developed RT-3D CDFI technique was feasible in the majority of patients. In patients with eccentric aortic regurgitation, this new modality provides additional information to that obtained from the two-dimensional examination, which overcomes the inherent limitations of two-dimensional echocardiography by depicting the full extent of the jet trajectory. In addition, the RT-3D CDFI method is quick and accurate in calculating RJV and RJF.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency/*ultrasonography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional

Three cases of patients with quadricuspid aortic valve diagnosed with transthoracic echocardiography are presented. Two dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography are very useful for the diagnosis of quadricuspid aortic valve. According to the types of quadricuspid aortic valve classified by the size of four cusps identified by parasternal short axis view, therapeutic plan and prognosis of different types of quadricuspid valve will be varied. Echocardiographic demonstration of quadricuspid aortic valve widens the spectrum of aortic valve diseases especially if the cause of aortic regurgitation will not be defined clearly.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Aortic Valve* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Humans ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fate of left atrioventricular valve regurgitation(LAVVR) following repair of complete atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between July 1984 and March 2002, repair of complete AV defects were performed in 77 patients. Mean age at surgery was 30.23+/-69.11 months (range 1 to 456). Echocardiograms of all survivors after isolated AVSDs correction were reviewed. LAVVR were evaluated with color doppler echocardiography in 64 survival periodically. On each study, LAVVR severity was graded on a 1 to 4 scale, based upon the size of the regurgitated jet. RESULT: Mild deterioration of LAVV function was fairly common. LAVVR severity increased by >1 grade in 19 patients (30.2%) during the course of the study. However, the deterioration in LAVVR function occurred primarily between 12 and 24 months postoperatively. After the initial 24 postoperative months, LAVVR worsened on only 8 occasions and in each instance worsened by only 1 grade. Deterioration more than 3+ LAVVR occurred in only 3 patients. And deterioration to 4+ LAVVR was not observed after the initial 24 postoperative months but one. Survival curve analysis predicted a 88.2% of ten-year freedom rate from development of 4+ LAVVR after initial operation of complete AVSDs. CONCLUSION: Postoperative LAVVR remains fairly stable following AVSDs repair. Serious deterioration is rare after 24 postoperative months, especially after the initial 48 postoperative months. But serial follow-up study with echocariogram was need till 24 postoperative months after repair of complete AVSDs.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Follow-Up Studies ; Freedom ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Survivors

In 25 aortic regurgitation patients relationship between degree of aortic regurgitation graded by 2-D color Doppler echocardiography and diastolic fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet on M-mode echocardiography was evaluated. The results were that all 13 aortic regurgitation patients, not associated with mitral stenosis, showed diastolic fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet; but only 3 patients among 12 patients (25%), associated with mitral stenosis, had characteristic mitral fluttering. On the whole, regardless of associated mitral stenosis, the sensitivity was 64%. In severe aortic regurgitation (Grade 3, 4 group) 12/13 patients revealed diastolic fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet (sensitivity of 92%); in mild to moderate aortic regurgitation (Grade 1, 2 group), only 4/12 patients (sensitivity of 33%). In conclusion, 2-D color Doppler echocardiography is a very useful method for detection of aortic regurgitation without difficulty. And in aortic regurgitation, not associated with mitral stenosis, fine fluttering of anterior mitral leaflet is a very sensitive sign of existence of aortic regurgitation, though there may be some false positive findings in normal individuals.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Stenosis

BACKGROUND: Biphasic or triphasic or quadriphasic pattern of pulmonary venous flow has been described by color Doppler echocardiography in normal subjects. Absolute velocity measurements varied with the position of the probe in relation to the pulmonary vein. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the normal pulmonary venous flow pattern and compare the data according to age, body weight, height and body surface area. METHODS: 244 normal children underwent transthoracic echocardiography from December 1992 to July 1993. Age ranged from newborns to 13 years. From the apical four chamber view, pulmonary venous flow velocity and integral were obtained. RESULTS: Quadriphasic pulmonary flow pattern(early systolic flow, late systolic flow, diastolic flow, atrial reversal flow) was identified. Pulmonary venous peak flow velocity was not different according to increasement of age, body weight, height or body surface area. But pulmonic flow integral was significantly increased according as increasement of age, body weight, height, or body surface area. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography is a good noninvasive diagnostic tool to evaluate pulmonary venous flow pattern in children.
Body Surface Area ; Body Weight ; Child ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pulmonary Veins