No abstract available.
Ear, Inner* ; Genetic Therapy*

No abstract available.
Ear, Inner* ; Homeostasis* ; Meniere Disease*

Ear, Inner ; Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases

PURPOSE: To evaluate three-dimensional volume-rendering of congenital inner-ear malfornations using the MR CISS (Constructive Interference in Steady State) sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR CISS images of 30 inner ears of 15 patients (M:F=10:5; mean age, 6.5years) in whom inner-ear malfornation was suspected were obtained using a superconducting Magnetom Vision System (Simens, Erlangen, Germany), with TR/TE/FA parameters of 12.25 ms/5.9 ms/70 degree. The images obtained were processed by means of the volume rendering technique at an advanced workstation (Voxtol 3.0.0; GE Systems, advanced workstation, volume analysis). The cochlea and three semicircular canals were morphologically evaluated. RESULTS: Volume-rendered images of 25 inner ears of 13 patients demonstrated cochlear anomalies in the form of incomplete partition (n=18), hypoplasia (n=2), and severe hypoplasia (n=5). For the superior semicircular canal, findings were normal in 15 ears, though common crus aplasia (n=6), hypoplasia (n=4), aplasia (n=3), and a short and broad shape (n=2) were also observed. The posterior semicircular canal of 13 ears was normal, but common crus aplasia (n=6), a short and broad shape (n=5), aplasia (n=4), hypoplasia (n=3) were also identified. Twelve lateral semicircular canals, were normal, but other images depicted a short and broad shape (n=7), a dilated crus (n=5), a broad shape (n=4), and aplasia (n=2). In 14 patients the anomalies were bilateral, and in seven, the same anomalies affected both ears. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional volume rendering images of the inner ear depicted various morphological abnormalities of the cochlea and semicircular canals. At that locations, anomalies were more complicated and varied than in the cochlea. Three-dimensional volume rendering imaging using the MR CISS technique provides anatomical information regarding the membranous labyrinth, and we consider this useful in the evaluation of congenital inner ear malformations.
Cochlea ; Ear ; Ear, Inner* ; Humans ; Semicircular Canals

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The intricate anatomy of the temporal bone has always been difficult to visualize. In this regard, the advantages of computer-assisted reconstruction of temporal bone based on image data from computed tomography (CT) are widely recognized. The goal of this study was to investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship of various important structures. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: For 40 ears of 20 patients with various otological diseases, 3D reconstruction based on image data from spiral high-resolution CT was performed by segmentation, volume-rendering and surface-rendering algorithm on a personal computer. The scanning was carried out in axial plane with technical factors of 140 kV, 100 mAs, 1 mm thickness, and 1 second scanning time. A software (Vworks(TM) 4.0, CyberMed Inc, Korea) was used for image processing. RESULTS: We were able to demonstrate the 3D display of the middle and inner ear structures. The computer-assisted measurement of reconstructed structures demonstrated the anatomic details comprehensively, which improved the surgeon's understanding of their spatial relationship, and provided many details that could not be easily measured in vivo. CONCLUSION: The 3D reconstruction of temporal bone CT can be useful in demonstrating and thus understanding the anatomical structures of temporal bone. Also, its clinical applications are inestimable. But it is necessary to confirm the correlation between 3D reconstructed images and histologic sections through the validation study.
Ear ; Ear Diseases ; Ear, Inner ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Temporal Bone*

Ear, Inner ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Vertigo ; surgery

Animals ; Ear, Inner ; growth & development ; Mice ; MicroRNAs

Ossicles are easily injured with head trauma. The most common injury occurs at incudostapedial joint and this separation prevents the consequent injury to inner ear structures. Although stapes crura fractures after head trauma are not uncommon in otologic field, the most are combined injury and isolated crura fractures are uncommon in the clinical field. We have experienced a case of isolated stapedial crura fractures and we report it here with a review of literature.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Ear, Inner ; Joints ; Stapes

Multicanal BPPV (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo), especially BPPV affecting both labyrinths, is uncommon. A review of the literature revealed that the majority of reported cases of multiple BPPV either involved a combination of two different canals limited to one labyrinth or two different canals in both labyrinths, although one case of multicanal BPPV was reported to involve three canals bilaterally. Here, the authors report a case of bilateral posterior canalolithiasis and unilateral horizontal canal cupulolithiasis in a 54-year-old man, and include a review of the literature.
Ear, Inner ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Vertigo

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Temporal bone is a complicated structure anatomically. Highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides a good method for examination of the middle ear, inner ear anatomy and pathologic changes in the temporal bones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relations of facial nerve and other structures in temporal bone and factors influencing access to posterior tympanotomy according to the age, sex and degree of temporal bone pneumatizaton. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A total of 133 ears of temporal bone computer tomograph (TBCT) were analyzed. We measured the distances and angle between important surgical landmarks, and compared the data according to the age, sex and mastoid pneumatization. RESULTS: We presented the angle between the posterior wall of external auditory canal and the facial nerve with the index for facial nerve preservation in posterior tympanotomy. This angle is 10.05 degrees other indices are not related statistically. CONCLUSION: This results may enable preoperative assessment and provide background knowledge to prevent facial nerve injury when performing a posterior tympanotomy.
Ear ; Ear Canal ; Ear, Inner ; Ear, Middle ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; Mastoid ; Temporal Bone