Airway Resistance ; Animals ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; etiology ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; Lung ; pathology ; virology ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Neurofilament Proteins ; analysis ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; isolation & purification

Under global cerebral ischemia, the effect of different brain temperature on cerebral ischemic injury was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normothermic (37-38°C) ischemia, mild hypothermic (31-32°C) ischemia, hyperthermic (41-42°C) ischemia and sham-operated groups. Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model and brain temperature was maintained at defined level for 60 min after 20-min ischemia. The expression of c-fos protein and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate in brain regions were detected by immunochemistry and spectrophotometrical methods, respectively. C-fos positive neurons were found in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Mild hypothermia increased the expression of c-fos protein in both areas, whereas hyperthermia decreased the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus at 24 h reperfusion, and the cerebral cortex at 48 h reperfusion when compared to normothermic conditions. In normothermic, mild hypothermic and hyperthermic ischemia groups, the levels of MDA and lactate in brain tissue were increased at 24, 48 and 72 h reperfusion following 20-min ischemia as compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.01). The levels of MDA and lactate in mild hypothermic group were significantly lower than those in normothermic group (P<0.01). It is suggested that brain temperature influences the translation of the immunoreactive protein product of c-fos after global cerebral ischemia, and MDA and lactate are also affected by hypothermia and hyperthermia.

Objective To investigate the integrity of multilayer of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(HPDLF)and human gingival fibroblasts(HGF)on filter membrane of Transwell and to provide basis for the drug transcellular transport by the HPDLF and HGF in the hypothesis of delivering medicine to the periodontium and whole body through the root canal.Methods HPDLF and HGF derived from the primary culture were seeded on polycarbonate filter membrane of transwell respectively.After 1,2,3 and 4 weeks of culture.transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)was detected and the growth of HPDLF and HGF observed by light microscope.After 2 weeks of culture,section of filter membrane where HPDLF and HGF lived was observed with light microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM).and the permeability of the drug transport cell models was measurod with fluorescein sodium.Results HPDLF and HGF converged 1 week after inoculation.and the cells connected each other tighfly and completely 2 weeks later.Observation of section of filter membrane by light microscope and TEM revealed a stratified cell growth of HPDLF and HGF2 weeks after inoculation.and TEER of HPDLF and HGF were(56.14±7.43)and (57.34±7.62)Ω·cm~(-2) respectively. The values of TEER remained the same level until 4 weeks later.Two weeks after inoculation.the paracellular transport of fluorescein sodium was less than 1% after the cell models were incubated for 30 min.Conclusions Stratified cell layers of HPDLF and HGF grown on filter membrane of Transwell are analogous to periodontal membrane and gingiva 2 weeks after inoculation,the test results of permeability and TEER were consistent with the demands of development of cell models.HPDLF and HGF grown on filter membrane of Transwell could be used to study drug transcellular transport by HPDLF and HGF in vitro.

Objective To investigate the effects of 14-3-3 protein overexpression on the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) induced pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell death and the potential mechanisms. Methods pcDNA3.1(+)-14-3-3 plasmids, which could be expressed in mammalian cell, were constructed and transfected into PC12 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of 14-3-3 protein, Bcl-2 protein, and BAD protein were determined by western blot. 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, microplate reader, and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure cell viability, the caspase activity, and apoptotic ratio respectively. Results (1) The expression of 14-3-3 protein increased significantly three weeks after pcDNA3.1 (+)-14-3-3 plasmids transfected into PC12 cells. (2) MPP(+) caused a decrease of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. At 100 mu mol/L MPP(+), cell viability reduced approximately 50%. (3) The caspase activity increased along with the MPP(+) concentrations rising and reached its maximum value (0.34 mu mol/mg protein) at 100 mu mol/L MPP(+). However caspase activity decreased significantly when the MPP(+) concentration exceeded 100 mu mol/L. (4) Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein decreased the apoptosis ratio of PC12 cells treated with 100 mu mol/L MPP(+) from 26.5% to 8.6%. (5) Bcl-2 protein tended to decrease but BAD protein tended to increase after treatment of PC12 cells with 100 mu mol/L MPP(+). Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein significantly increased the cellular level of Bcl-2 protein and decreased that of BAD protein. Conclusion Overexpression of 14-3-3 protein may reduce MPP(+)-induced apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells by up-regulating the Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating the BAD expression. These results may provide a promising target for treatment of Parkinson' s disease.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and compare the epidemiological features of rotavirus diarrhea among infants in the different areas so as to provide data for rotavirus vaccine research.

METHODSFrom Sep. 2001 through Sep. 2003, sentinel sites were set up in Suzhou Children's Hospital and Maanshan Hospital. Fecal samples from children (< 5 years) with acute diarrheal were collected and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect rotavirus antigen. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the G serotypes and P genotypes of rotavirus strains. The features of strains in the two places and other areas of China were analyzed and compared.

RESULTS(1) Rotavirus infection appeared in autumn and winter, but the peaks varied. In Suzhou the peaks were from December to next February in 2001, and November to next January in 2002. But in Maanshan, it was November to next January for both two years. (2) Rate of rotavirus infection in Suzhou was much higher than that in Maanshan, infective rates of Inpatient Department and Outpatient Department are 47.28%, 28.39% and 30.38%, 14.77% respectively in the two hospitals. (3) Rates of infection in two hospitals showed age difference but the highest group was in 6 - 35 month-olds. No gender difference was found. (4) Secular distribution of G-typing and P-typing of rotavirus strain was different in Suzhou and Maanshan. G3 was mainly found in Suzhou and G1 in Maanshan. From 2002-2003 on, G3 became dominant in Maanshan.

CONCLUSIONRotavirus caused diarrhea among infant and children were different in terms of areas, period and types, suggesting that the introduction of rotavirus vaccine should be adjusted according to different strains with specific types and optimal timeline.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea, Infantile ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Rotavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Seasons ; Sentinel Surveillance

OBJECTIVETo explore an optimal model of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme, which is in line with the wishes of workers, based on the problems in the implementation of work injury insurance in China and to provide useful information for relevant policy makers.

METHODSMultistage cluster sampling was used to select subjects: first, 9 small, medium, and large enterprises were selected from three cities (counties) in Zhejiang Province, China according to the economic development, transportation, and cooperation; then, 31 workshops were randomly selected from the 9 enterprises. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using a pre-designed questionnaire among all workers in the 31 workshops.

RESULTSAfter optimization of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme, the willingness to participate in the scheme increased from 73.87%to 80.96%; the average willingness to pay for the scheme increased from 2.21% (51.77 yuan) to 2.38% of monthly wage (54.93 Yuan); the median willingness to pay for the scheme increased from 1% to 1.2% of monthly wage, but decreased from 35 yuan to 30 yuan. The optimal model of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme covers all national and provincial statutory occupational diseases and work accidents, as well as consultations about occupational diseases. The scheme is supposed to be implemented worldwide by the National Social Security Department, without regional differences. The premium is borne by the state, enterprises, and individuals, and an independent insurance fund is kept in the lifetime personal account for each of insured individuals. The premium is not refunded in any event. Compensation for occupational diseases or work accidents is unrelated to the enterprises of the insured workers but related to the length of insurance. The insurance becomes effective one year after enrollment, while it is put into effect immediately after the occupational disease or accident occurs.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal model of hypothetical work injury insurance scheme actually realizes cross-regional mobility of workers, minimizes regional differences, and embodies the fairness. The proposed model will, to some extent, protect the rights and interests of enterprises, as well as the healthy rights and interests of workers when they are unemployed.

Accidents, Occupational ; economics ; China ; Insurance, Health ; Models, Theoretical ; Occupational Diseases ; economics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) and open esophagectomy (OE) on the level of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC).

METHODSA total of 73 patients with EC undergoing MIE (n=38) or OE (n=35) in our department between October, 2015 and October, 2017 were enrolled, with 10 patients with benign esophagus disease and 10 healthy volunteers as controls. The levels of CTCs in the peripheral blood of the participants were detected using CanPatrol technique and analyzed for their association with the operation methods and perioperative complications.

RESULTSCTCs were detected in 60.3% (44/73) of the EC patients but in none of the control subjects. CTC level after the surgery was significantly higher than that during the surgery, and CTC level during the surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery (P<0.001). The preoperative and intra-operative CTC levels were not significantly different between MIE and OE groups (P>0.05), but the postoperative CTC level was significantly lower in MIE group than in OE group, and postoperative increment of CTC level (from the preoperative level) was significantly lower in MIE group than in OE group (P<0.001). The total incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in MIE group than in OE group (28.9% vs 54.3%, P=0.023), and in both groups, CTC levels in patients with complications were significantly higher than those in patients without complications (P=0.001 and P=0.005 in MIE and OE groups, respectively).

CONCLUSIONMIE may help to reduce the number of peripheral blood CTCs early after the operation, and dynamic monitoring CTCs level assists in evaluation of the prognosis of EC patients. CTC level may serve as an indicator for monitoring the prognosis of EC.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of a novel biomaterial in repairing large cranial defects in rats.

METHODSEighteen SD rats were used to establish rat modes of large cranial defect (8 mm in diameter). The rat models were randomized into 3 groups and the cranial defects were repaired using different scaffold materials, namely CPC paste prepared with distilled water (CPC control group), CPC paste mixed with 10% chitosan (CPC/CN group), or CPC paste with 10% chitosan and 300 mg adenosine (CPC/CN/AD group). The defects were examined 12 weeks after the surgery with X-ray, CT, HE staining and quantitative assessments.

RESULTSX-ray showed that the defect was repaired in all the groups. The fracture line became obscure and the defects were almost fully repaired by regenerated bone tissues in CPC/CN/AD group, which was consistent with CT findings. In all the 3 groups, HE staining revealed the presence of new bones in the defects and new vessels in and around the new bones without inflammatory cells. The new bone area was significantly greater in CPC/CN/AD group than in CPC/CN group and CPC control group (P<0.05). The new vessel density was the highest in CPC/CN/AD group (P>0.05) but similar between CPC/CN group and CPC control group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThis novel calcium phosphate cement pre-loaded with chitosan and small molecule adenosine can better promote bone regeneration than calcium phosphate cement for repairing large bone defects to serve as a good replacement material for bone regeneration.

OBJECTIVETo study the value of ultrasound, abdominal X-ray, and dual-source CT (DSCT) in the diagnosis of colon tumor obstruction.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted among 45 patients who were admitted to our department between October 2010 and August 2011 for abdominal pain. All the patients underwent ultrasound, abdominal X-ray and DSCT examinations and subsequent surgical interventions, which confirmed the diagnosis of colon tumor obstruction.

RESULTSDSCT diagnosis was obviously more efficient than ultrasound and X-ray in detecting colon obstruction by neoplasms, and could better predict the position of the obstruction. Complete information of the vessels in the surgical field could be obtained by DSCT imaging three-dimensional reconstruction.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with ultrasound and X-ray, DSCT is more effective in the diagnosis of colon tumor obstruction by acquiring more thorough information by imaging reconstruction and should be considered for a rapid and accurate diagnosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Colonic Neoplasms ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Under global cerebral ischemia, the effect of different brain temperature on cerebral ischemic injury was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normothermic (37-38°C) ischemia, mild hypothermic (31-32°C) ischemia, hyperthermic (41-42°C) ischemia and sham-operated groups. Global cerebral ischemia was established using the Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion model and brain temperature was maintained at defined level for 60 min after 20-min ischemia. The expression of c-fos protein and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate in brain regions were detected by immunochemistry and spectrophotometrical methods, respectively. C-fos positive neurons were found in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Mild hypothermia increased the expression of c-fos protein in both areas, whereas hyperthermia decreased the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus at 24 h reperfusion, and the cerebral cortex at 48 h reperfusion when compared to normothermic conditions. In normothermic, mild hypothermic and hyperthermic ischemia groups, the levels of MDA and lactate in brain tissue were increased at 24, 48 and 72 h reperfusion following 20-min ischemia as compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.01). The levels of MDA and lactate in mild hypothermic group were significantly lower than those in normothermic group (P<0.01). It is suggested that brain temperature influences the translation of the immunoreactive protein product of c-fos after global cerebral ischemia, and MDA and lactate are also affected by hypothermia and hyperthermia.
Animals ; Body Temperature ; Brain ; blood supply ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; blood supply ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; blood supply ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Immunochemistry ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Spectrophotometry ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism