Objective To study the relationship between alkaloids contents in Chinese traditional drug Yimu Cao ( the dried aerial parts of Leonurus artemisia ) and its growing environment. Methods Samples of the herb and the soil at its growing site were collected from 5 selected geographic regions. Reference literatures were reviewed and on-the-spot investigation conducted to understand the growth environment. RP-HPLC was performed to determine the alkaloid contents in the herb. Results Different regions had different environmental conditions, including the climate, soil, vegetation etc. Regardless of the soil, barren or fertile at the growing site, the herb of L. artemisia could grow well, but the contents of alkaloid in the herb varied greatly. The herb produced in 2 northern regions, where the soil is alkaline, had higher content of alkaloid (about 0.4%) than that produced in southern regions (0.1%~0.2%), where the soil is acidic. Conclusions The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and the pH value of the soil at the growing site were the factors that correlates with the alkaloid contents in the herb, among which the pH value of soil was the most important positive correlating factor. The alkaline soils in the north benefit the accumulation of alkaloids more than the acidic soils in the South does. The other probable factors affecting the alkaloid contents in Yimu Cao was the climate and genetic factors.

Objective To study the relationship between alkaloids contents in Chinese traditional drug Yimu Cao ( the dried aerial parts of Leonurus artemisia ) and its growing environment. Methods Samples of the herb and the soil at its growing site were collected from 5 selected geographic regions. Reference literatures were reviewed and on-the-spot investigation conducted to understand the growth environment. RP-HPLC was performed to determine the alkaloid contents in the herb. Results Different regions had different environmental conditions, including the climate, soil, vegetation etc. Regardless of the soil, barren or fertile at the growing site, the herb of L. artemisia could grow well, but the contents of alkaloid in the herb varied greatly. The herb produced in 2 northern regions, where the soil is alkaline, had higher content of alkaloid (about 0.4%) than that produced in southern regions (0.1%~0.2%), where the soil is acidic. Conclusions The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and the pH value of the soil at the growing site were the factors that correlates with the alkaloid contents in the herb, among which the pH value of soil was the most important positive correlating factor. The alkaline soils in the north benefit the accumulation of alkaloids more than the acidic soils in the South does. The other probable factors affecting the alkaloid contents in Yimu Cao was the climate and genetic factors.

Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Paraffin

Bone Neoplasms ; Chondroblastoma ; Humans ; Ribs ; pathology

Background The different incisions in phacoemulsification,including the length,location and shape etc.,can cause surgery-induced astigmatism ( SIA ).But the SIA caused by 2.2 mm,3.0 mm corneal limbal incision after phacoemulsification,especially the change of posterior corneal surface astigmatism is still rarely reported. Objective This study was to investigate the anterior,posterior and total corneal SIA and compare their differences between phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm corneal limbal incisions. Methods Seventy-one eyes of 47 cases were randomly divided into two groups with matched age,visual acuity and astigmatism degree.Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation with 2.2 mm incision at the steepest corneal meridian was performed on the patients of 2.2 mm incision group,and the same surgery was adopted with 3.0 mm incision as 3.0 mm incision group.Corneal curvature radius and central corneal thickness were measured by Pentacam at 1 day before surgery and 1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery respectively.The anterior and posterior corneal surface SIAs were calculated according to the flat axis and steep axis of corneal curvature and the air and the cornea refractive index.Based on the anterior and posterior surface SIAs,the total corneal SIA was then calculated using the vector analysis method.Jaffe/Clayman vector method was used to calculate the anterior and posterior and total corneal SIAs in the different time points,and the differences were compared between the two groups.Oral informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to the trial. Results The mean anterior and posterior surface corneal SIAs appeared to be lower in 2.2 mm incision group compared with 3.0 mm incision group at postoperative 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months but were not significantly different among groups at various time points ( anterior SIA:P =0.290 ; posterior SIA:P =0.740 ; total SIA:0.434 ).The mean anterior corneal surface SIAs were significantly lower at the postoperative 3 months than those at postoperative 1 day,1 week in both groups(2.2 mm incision group:P=0.020,0.036;3.0 mm incision group:P=0.006,0.023 ).The posterior corneal surface SIAs were (0.70±0.43 ) D and (0.75 ±0.54 ) D at 1 day in 2.2 mm incision group and 3.0 mm inscision group,respectively,and significantly decreased posterior corneal surface SIAs were found in postoperative 1 week,1 month and 3 months compared with 1 day in both groups ( 2.2 mm incision group:all P =0.001 ; 3.0 mm incision group:P=0.028,0.044,0.032).The total corneal surface SIA showed significant differences between 1 day and 1 week,1 month,3 months after surgery ( 2.2 mm incision group:P =0.015,0.002,0.002 ; 3.0 mm incision group:P =0.049,0.007,0.016 ). Conclusions There are no significant differences in the anterior,posterior and total corneal surface SIAs between 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm incisions after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.The SIA is gradually reduced with the prolongation of postoperative time.

Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; Pituitary Gland ; pathology

Humans ; Lung ; ultrastructure ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Pulmonary Edema ; pathology ; Research Report