No abstract available.
Mental Health*

No abstract available.

The authors described a case of male schizophrenia who developed myoclonic jerk repeatedly and one episode of convulsive seizure during the treatment of clozapine. According to literatures and reported cases, myoclonic jerks induced in a small amount of clozapine may precede and predict the development of a convulsive seizure. Therefore clinicians have to pay attention to the development of a myoclonic jerk during the administration of clozapine. They may decrease the dosage of clozapine step by step at first in the convulsive state, and observe EEG changes of patients frequently.
Clozapine* ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Male ; Myoclonus ; Schizophrenia ; Seizures*

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the ability of cardiac blood pool clearance rates(CBCR) of 99mTc-DiSiDA in the measure merit of functioning hepatocyte mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the volume of Iobectomized liver after completion of postoperative scanning with CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA in 5 rabbits who the functional hepatic Iobectomy performed by ligation of hepatic artery, portal vein and biliary tracts. Regarding the measurement of CBCR of 99mTc-DISIDA, we set the time which was decreased to the half of the clearance amount of the cardiac radioactivity by hepatic extraction of 99mTc-DISIDA at the point of 50 sec after the renal peak of the radioactivity to prevent confusing with the blood dilution of the radioactivity, that have called DI-K50. RESULTS: The results were followed that the volumes of the functional hepatic Iobectomy in 5 rabbits were 25%, 25%, 41%, 52%, 75% and the residual functioning hepatocyte masses measured by CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA were preserved to 75. 1%, 70. 8%, 63. 0%, 52. 2%, 30. 8% respectively. CONCLUSION: we made decision that CBCR of 99rnTc-DISlDA was useful to evaluate the functioning hepatocyte mass.
Biliary Tract ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatocytes* ; Ligation ; Liver ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits ; Radioactivity ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of sertraline treatment on symptoms and memory function of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: Thirty Vietnam veterans were collected for this study, among whom fifteen were PTSD patients and fifteen were combat control subjects. We used Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, Combat Exposure Scale (CES), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Digit Span, Paired Association Learning Test (PALT) and Rey- Osterreith Complex Figure Test (CFT) were assessed for memory function. We evaluated HDRS, CAPS and memory function tests at baseline, 2-week and 6-week intervals with each subjects. RESULTS: There were significant differences between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans in Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, CES, HDRS and CAPS. Significant difference was found in memory function tests between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. PTSD veterans showed significant improvement in HDRS and CAPS at 2-week and 6-week and in memory function tests at 6-week of sertraline treatment. There was no significant correlation between symptoms and memory function. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that sertraline improve symptoms and memory function of PTSD. There was no significant correlation between PTSD sysmtoms and memory function.
Association Learning ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Mississippi ; Sertraline* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Veterans ; Vietnam

No abstract available.
Choanal Atresia*

No abstract available.
Korea*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to find out how the Mental Health Act(MHA) which was enacted in 1995 has been practiced in reality since it was enforced. This study focuses on the following provisions of this law; admission procedures in relation to the protection of patients' rights, discharge procedures in view of the human rights, and the conditions of the restriction of the patients' rights in hospital. METHODS: The questionnaire on "the current state of the application of the MHA" was designed by the authors and was distributed by mail to 213 psychiatric hospitals and general hospitals which operate psychiatric closed wards as of 1999. RESULTS: One hundred ten hospitals responded to the survey(51.6%) and 92.5% of the total admission to the closed ward were by 'admission by agreement of guardian'(article 24 of MHA). It was reported that a written agreement paper of guardian was filed in 98% and the official document(for the article 14 of rule for enforcement of MHA) for legal guardianship was filed in 85 % of these ad-missions respectively. However, the rate of filling the official document is actually below 85% accor-ding to the direct telephone confirmation. Other kind of admissions such as 'admission by the order of head of prefecture(article 25 of MHA) and 'emergency admission'(article 26 of MHA) were not performed except in several psychiatric hospitals. There cases no report regarding the patient's or guardian's appeal for the improvement of patient's right and better treatment and/or disagreement to involuntary admission. Sixty three percent of hospitals reported that the patients were free to use telephone, and 18.1% reported that the official forms to appeal human right violation of the institute were accessible to patients. However, the actual rates are suspected to be lower than the reports by the institutes. Petition for extension of hospital stay requested by the doctor in charge(article 24-3 of MHA) was submitted mostly by psychiatric hospitals, and its rejection rate was 3.7%. CONCLUSION: In case of 'admissions by agreement of guardian', the required qualification for guardianship and the accompanying document to prove the legal guardianship should be amended to make it more realistic. For other kinds of admissions, such as 'emergency admission' and 'admission by order of head of prefecture', admission procedure should be modified to make it more efficient and practical. The rules and regulations for the human rights of psychiatric patients are not observed properly, which needs much improvement. As this study was done by a survey, it has limitation in understanding how the MHA is actually applied and therefore msufficient as data for the use of revising the Act. However, it appears that MHA is not properly observed with problems in applying MHA in practice. The information obtained from this study suggests that extensive study on national level should be done to find out how the MHA is practiced in reality with much discussion on improving the MHA on the basis of its finding.
Academies and Institutes ; Head ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Length of Stay ; Mental Health* ; Patient Rights ; Postal Service ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Control, Formal ; Telephone

A survey was conducted by the staff of the College of Medicine and School of Public Health, Seoul National University in cooperation with Seoul Special City from 1 December 1967 through 28 February 1968, on such events as delivery, death, abortion and pregnancy. The survey directed to a total population of 47,811 residing in 9,157 households led us to the following findings: 1. Two year averages of crude birth rate, crude death rate and natural increase rate were 30.1, 5.6 and 24.5, respectively. 2. Of all deliveries, home and hospital deliveries constituted 61.1 per cent and 35.5 per cent, respectively. 3. Deliveries other than hospital deliveries were found to be attended more often by mother-in-laws(26.5 per cent) than by doctors or midwives(23.4 per cent). 4. About 52 per cent of all women having experiences in pregnancy during the last two years had an experience of consulting a doctor at least one time throughout whole period of pregnancy. 5. In most cases scissors were used to cut umbilical cords, of which 71.0 per cent were not sterilized and only 28.3 per cent sterilized. 6. In many cases placenta was incinerated(48,2 per cent) and on many other occasions it was thrown away into water(28.3 per cent). 7. Cement page(37.4 per cent), gauze and absorbent cotton(29.8 per cent)were found to be most frequently used to receive new-born babies. 8. In 1966 8.8 per cent of the women had at least one abortion induced and in 1967 the percentage was 9.2 per cent. 9. Nearly all(95.8 per cent) of the induced abortions reportedly were done at doctor's clinics. 10. Of all the abortions induced 65.3 per cent were done by specialists in obstetrics, 30.3 per cent by general practitioners and 2.7 per cent by midwives. 11. Those who experienced spontaneous abortions were 1.9 per cent of all women both in 1966 and 1967. 12. About 9.2 per cent of women investigated were found to be currently pregnant. 13. Age specific death rate turned out to be highest among those under 1 year of age. 14. Ten major causes of death in their order of frequency were: 15. Places of death can be classified into homes(75.3 per cent) and hospitals(13.2 per cent). 16. Method of disposing of corpses comprised burials(54.2 per cent) and cremations(44.6 per cent). 17. Infant, neonatal and hebdomadal mortality rates have been computed at 32.2, 18.9 and 13.7, respectively. 18. Infants were found to have died either at homes(81.5 per cent) or at hospitals(18.5 per cent). 19. Birth registrations had been done for about 18.5 per cent of the dead infants.
Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Birth Rate ; Cadaver ; Cause of Death ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; General Practitioners ; Humans ; Infant ; Midwifery ; Mortality ; Obstetrics ; Parturition* ; Placenta ; Population Growth ; Pregnancy ; Public Health ; Seoul* ; Specialization ; Umbilical Cord

PURPOSE:A retrospective study was performed to assess the efficacy of MRI in evaluation of therapeutic response of bone lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We reviewed 17 cases of bone lymphoma on MRI that were follow-up studies during or after therapy. Among them, the cases with contrast study during therapy were 5, and those after therapy were 6. The four findings of follow-up MRI considered representative of improvement of bone lymphoma were the decreased size of tumor mass, the decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images, the increased signal intensity of the tumor on T1 -weighted images, and the decreased or absent enhancement of post-contrast T1 -weighted images. RESULTS: The findings of improvement on T1 and T2-weighted images were shown in 50%(7/14) during therapy and 85.7%(12/14) after therapy. Those On post-contrast T1 -weighted images were shown in 20%(1/5) during therapy and 50%(3/6) after therapy. CONCLUSION:On MRI, both findings of the decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images and the increased signal intensity of on T1 -weighted images of the tumor were significant in evaluating therapeutic response of bone lymphoma.
Follow-Up Studies ; Lymphoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies