Sixty mongrel dogs were divided into three groups of twenty dogs. One group of twenty dogs underwent placement of a rigid reconstruction plate (2.7mm thickness of plates and 3.0mm diameter of screws, Richards plating system, stainless-steel) and labeled normal mandibles stress shielded (NMSS) group. Another group of twenty dogsundeuuent cancellous cellular bone grafts of 3.5cm in length and a rigid reconstruction plate. In this group the plates were left in place until the time of sacrifice(1460 days) The group was labeled as a bone grafted mandibles stress shielded (BGSS). Ten dogs of each group were sacrificed at day 60. Another ten dogs of cach group were sacrificed at day 1460. In addition, all intitial resection specimens were processed for histomorphometry on trabecular bone area(TBA) as a normal non-stress shielded reference value of day-0 control (NMNSS) group. The histomorphometric results are as follows. Average percentage of TBA at day 0 control in NMNSS group was 44+/-5%. Average percentage of TBA in NMNSS group at 60 days was 42+/-6% , and that at 1460days was 42+/-4%. Average percentage of TBA in NMSS group at 60days was 47+/-6%, and that at 1460days was 44+/-4%, while average percentage of TBA at day 0 control was 44+/-5% (pinot available). Average percentage of TBA in BGNSS group at 60 days was 67+/-4, and that at 1460 days was 65+/-4%, while average percentage of TBA in day o control was 44+/-5%. BGNSS group shows, once each mandible was bone grafted at 60 days, that bone density was increased due to the high cellular bone grains. But after 1460 days there are little significant change, and that they are stable for four years(p<.001). Average percentage of TBA in BGSS group at 60 days was O+/-6, and that at 1460 days was 66+/-4% , while average percentage of TBA at day O control was 44+/-5%. BGSS group with the plate left in place for 4 years also shows the enhanced bone trabecular percentage at 60 days due to the high cellular bone grafts, but after 60 days until 4 years still little significant change(p<.001). The result data indicates the stress shielding from the rigid reconstruction plate on the mandible is not valid. It is suggested that clinicians do not need to remove reconstruction plates for fear of stress shielding.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Edible Grain ; Dogs* ; Mandible ; Reference Values ; Transplants*

Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; classification ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma ; classification ; pathology ; Cystadenoma ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; classification ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; Precancerous Conditions ; classification ; pathology ; World Health Organization

Biomedical Research ; trends ; Female ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; metabolism ; pathology ; Silicosis ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vimentin ; metabolism

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the ability of cardiac blood pool clearance rates(CBCR) of 99mTc-DiSiDA in the measure merit of functioning hepatocyte mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the volume of Iobectomized liver after completion of postoperative scanning with CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA in 5 rabbits who the functional hepatic Iobectomy performed by ligation of hepatic artery, portal vein and biliary tracts. Regarding the measurement of CBCR of 99mTc-DISIDA, we set the time which was decreased to the half of the clearance amount of the cardiac radioactivity by hepatic extraction of 99mTc-DISIDA at the point of 50 sec after the renal peak of the radioactivity to prevent confusing with the blood dilution of the radioactivity, that have called DI-K50. RESULTS: The results were followed that the volumes of the functional hepatic Iobectomy in 5 rabbits were 25%, 25%, 41%, 52%, 75% and the residual functioning hepatocyte masses measured by CBCR of 99rnTc-DISIDA were preserved to 75. 1%, 70. 8%, 63. 0%, 52. 2%, 30. 8% respectively. CONCLUSION: we made decision that CBCR of 99rnTc-DISlDA was useful to evaluate the functioning hepatocyte mass.
Biliary Tract ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatocytes* ; Ligation ; Liver ; Portal Vein ; Rabbits ; Radioactivity ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract with variable presentations and disease courses. The cause of IBD is unknown, but it is hypothesized that individuals with a genetic predisposition to disease develop an aberrant immune response to environmental triggers. Evidence suggests that microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract play an important role in the development and perpetuation of the disease. In this review, we discuss the role of microbes in the development of a healthy gut, their role in the development of diseases in general, and their role in the development of IBD. Advances in molecular technologies and bioinformatics will continue to further our insight into the structure of the microbial community, the function of the microbial community as a whole, and the interaction of this community with the host immune system. The latter two are crucial to understanding the role of microbes in IBD. The field has advanced significantly in recent years, and the future is very promising as we begin to elucidate the microbial basis of IBD.
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Computational Biology ; Crohn Disease ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Immune System ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Microbiota

Acanthosis Nigricans ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythrokeratodermia Variabilis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Several investigators have attempted to clarify th well-known phenomenon of anergy in lepromatous leprosy during past two decades, utilizing various methods of immunologic assessrvent, including response to skin test antigens, active skin sensitization with strong allergens, skin homograft survival rate, imrnunopathology of lymphnodes, in vitro blastogenic response by antigens or mitogens of lymphocytes, lymphokine production in vitro and measurement of peripheral T and B cell ratio. Howcver, there is no general agreement as to the cellular irnmunologic status of leprosy patients b tween various investigators. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the ability to mount cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to various skin test antigens and to investigate active sensitization with DViCB in patients with leprosy. Ten polar lepromatous (LL) and 12 polar tuberculoid (TT) p-tients who have been treated at Department of Dermatology, National Iviedical Center and Seoul Nationa,l University Hospital were the subjects. The subjects have rcceived regular antileprosy chemotherapy with DDS and the average duration of treatment in LL and TT groups was 6. 2 and 4. 7 years, respectively. The control group included 10 healthy physicians and nurs-s. Skin test antigens includ=d lepromin (1 x10' bacilli,ml'), PPD (Parke-Davis 5ppJ/0.1ml), SK-SD (Lederle, 40 u SK and 10 u SD/0.1 ml), Candidin (Hollister stier Lab 1: 1000 dilution) and DNCB aceton solution in the concentrations of 1000ug,/0.1ml for sensitization and 100ug/0.1ml for challenge, respcctively. Skin reactions were read 48 hours after intraderrnal injection of 0.1 rnl of each antigen anci th.' metho4 of DNCB sensitization was same as described elsewhere. The result showed that in polar lepromatous leprosy patients, the skin reactivity to various antigens were generally decroased, as cornpared to both th healthy control group and polar tuberculoicl patients, especially to lepromin, PPD and I')NCB sensitization (p<0.05, respectively). We concluded thxt lepromatous leprosy patients were especially unresponsive to mycobacterial antigcns(lepromin and PPD) and to newly administered antigen (DNCB) and tbe possible mechanism was discussed.
Allergens ; Allografts ; Antigens ; Dermatology ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Lepromin ; Leprosy* ; Leprosy, Lepromatous ; Lymphocytes ; Mitogens ; Research Personnel ; Seoul ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Survival Rate

Background The different incisions in phacoemulsification,including the length,location and shape etc.,can cause surgery-induced astigmatism ( SIA ).But the SIA caused by 2.2 mm,3.0 mm corneal limbal incision after phacoemulsification,especially the change of posterior corneal surface astigmatism is still rarely reported. Objective This study was to investigate the anterior,posterior and total corneal SIA and compare their differences between phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm corneal limbal incisions. Methods Seventy-one eyes of 47 cases were randomly divided into two groups with matched age,visual acuity and astigmatism degree.Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation with 2.2 mm incision at the steepest corneal meridian was performed on the patients of 2.2 mm incision group,and the same surgery was adopted with 3.0 mm incision as 3.0 mm incision group.Corneal curvature radius and central corneal thickness were measured by Pentacam at 1 day before surgery and 1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery respectively.The anterior and posterior corneal surface SIAs were calculated according to the flat axis and steep axis of corneal curvature and the air and the cornea refractive index.Based on the anterior and posterior surface SIAs,the total corneal SIA was then calculated using the vector analysis method.Jaffe/Clayman vector method was used to calculate the anterior and posterior and total corneal SIAs in the different time points,and the differences were compared between the two groups.Oral informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to the trial. Results The mean anterior and posterior surface corneal SIAs appeared to be lower in 2.2 mm incision group compared with 3.0 mm incision group at postoperative 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months but were not significantly different among groups at various time points ( anterior SIA:P =0.290 ; posterior SIA:P =0.740 ; total SIA:0.434 ).The mean anterior corneal surface SIAs were significantly lower at the postoperative 3 months than those at postoperative 1 day,1 week in both groups(2.2 mm incision group:P=0.020,0.036;3.0 mm incision group:P=0.006,0.023 ).The posterior corneal surface SIAs were (0.70±0.43 ) D and (0.75 ±0.54 ) D at 1 day in 2.2 mm incision group and 3.0 mm inscision group,respectively,and significantly decreased posterior corneal surface SIAs were found in postoperative 1 week,1 month and 3 months compared with 1 day in both groups ( 2.2 mm incision group:all P =0.001 ; 3.0 mm incision group:P=0.028,0.044,0.032).The total corneal surface SIA showed significant differences between 1 day and 1 week,1 month,3 months after surgery ( 2.2 mm incision group:P =0.015,0.002,0.002 ; 3.0 mm incision group:P =0.049,0.007,0.016 ). Conclusions There are no significant differences in the anterior,posterior and total corneal surface SIAs between 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm incisions after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.The SIA is gradually reduced with the prolongation of postoperative time.