OBJECTIVETo review the major achievements in dyslexia in Chinese characters, hoping to give some clues for future studies.

DATA SOURCESBoth Chinese and English language literature search using PUBMED, and original articles published in main Chinese and international journals.

STUDY SELECTIONAfter reviewing the literature, 54 articles were selected that specifically addressed the stated purpose.

RESULTSThe results of studies about the subtypes, cerebral basis, reading processing model, event-related potential (ERP) and saccadic features between English and Chinese dyslexia are different.

CONCLUSIONSIn the last ten years, great progress has been made in the study of dyslexia in Chinese characters. However, there are still many problems and shortcomings which need to be investigated.

Cognition ; Dyslexia ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Reading ; Saccades

PURPOSE: To investigate patterns of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation during sentence reading before and after wearing color-tinted lenses. METHODS: A total of 15 Meares-Irlen syndrome patients with a mean age of 23.4 years (range, 13 to 42 years) with no history of neurological or psychiatric disorders were scanned using a 3T MR scanner (Siemens, Tim-Trio, Germany). Each patient underwent two sessions of fMRI imaging (before and after MISViS color-tinted lens application). The fMRI paradigm included a block design of 20 seconds of rest (cross), 20 seconds of activation (sentence reading), and ten blocks (a total of 200 echo-planar image volumes) repeated for each session. Data preprocessing and analyses were performed using the SPM8 software package. RESULTS: The reading speed of patients improved more than 20% while wearing the selected lenses. When compared to the before-lens session, the after-lens session identified significant regions of activation in the left middle and superior temporal gyri (paired t-test; maximal z score, 5.38; Montreal Neurological Institute coordinate, -60 / -39 / 0; threshold at p < 0.05; corrected for multiple comparisons using family-wise error). No region of activation at the same threshold was found in the before-lens session as compared to the after-lens session. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, we confirmed activation in the left middle and superior temporal gyri during sentence reading after wearing color-tinted lenses. These results could explain the effectiveness of color-tinted lenses in patients with Meares-Irlen syndrome.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/*pathology/physiopathology ; Color Perception/*physiology ; Dyslexia/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; *Eyeglasses ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Perceptual Disorders/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; Pilot Projects ; Reading ; Syndrome ; Vision Disorders/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; Young Adult