The main morbid pattern in Muong La district of Son La province was respiratory tract infections, influenza, malaria and diarrhoea. For under 5 years old children, it was acute respiratory tract infections. 54.5% of the population had used the health services at communal health station. The main cause made people do not use the communal health station was the mild severity of disease (80.4%). Antibiotics were used at the communal health station with a high percentage (75.5%).
Morbidity ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health

The average salary of health workers who are working at medical stations from provinces to districts at present is 537.180134.465 VND/month and other salary allowances are 112.180103.733 VND/month. The minimum salary for health workers should depend on real price (44.2%) and the minimum salary at present should be 636.790 VND. The number of health workers agree to the formulation of salary at present is taken up 71.9% time of increasing salary level is two years (66.9%) and shorten 50% salary levels. It should be risen salary level before time-limit (79.5%), the years of increasing the salary before time-limit are 1.110.32 year and it should be established the regime of over salary allowances (91.5%) for health workers.
Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Medical Staff ; Health Facilities

Only 27.2% participants in the study had special allowances. 40.9% health workers had allowances on duty. The surgeons had average operation from 11.43 ± 11.26 to 12.68 ± 12.02 case/month and the money gained from duty from 71,480 to 156,900 VND/month. The health workers had poisonous allowances was 50%, responsible allowance was 29.1%, allowance against epidemic was 5.7%, roving allowance was 7.1%. Setting up the minimum salary for health workers must be based on real price (44.2%), the salary level was applied at present level (71.9%) and the period for increasing the salary should be 2 years (66.9%).
Health personnel

This study was carried out on single adolescents (between 14 and 24 years old) lived in Ha Tinh province. Results: the mean age when having sexual relations was 20 years. Prevalence of drug use was 0.6% (no one change from smoking to injection). Prevalence of pre-married sexual relations was 12.5%, and 13.3% among them used condoms. 20% of them had sex with sex workers, 5% with sudden sexual partners, and 83.3% with lovers. 58.3% of adolescents used condoms when having sexual relations with sex workers.
HIV/prevention & control ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control

Study in adolescents (between 15 and 24 years old) that were single or lived with sexual partners not more than 12 months in 6 districts of Ha Tinh province. Results: 0.2% of subjects self-reported when getting sexually transmitted diseases; 100% of STD patients used medical services; 8.35% self-reported having high-risk of HIV infection because of sexual intercourses with sex-workers and not using condoms. Only 1.7% adolescents received condoms, 1.5% received syringes and 31.2% received leaflets.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; HIV ; Therapeutics ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Attitude

Risk of breast cancer is higher in upper 40-year women than in under 40-year women, in non-childbirth women than in childbirth women, in women who have the first children at 25 years old or more than in those who have the first children at lower than 25 years old. Breastfeeding women have lower risk of breast cancer than non-breastfeeding those. The women with history of chloroorganic insecticide exposure have higher risk of breast cancer than those without this history.
Breast Neoplasms ; Risk factors ; Rural Population ; women ; hospitals

A study aimed to find the risk factors such as age, mentrual history, rounds of pregnancy, rounds of delivery and mother’s age when having the first baby carried out in 1,220 patients with breast cancer and 1,487 persons without breast cancer.The results have shown that the breast cancer closely related with age group, age of the first mentruation, but was not related with rounds of pregnancy and round of delivery. The high mother’s age of having the first baby increased the risk of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Risk factors

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out to identify the age at first live birth and history of exposure to pesticides as risk factors of breast cancer. 1,220 patients with breast cancer and 1,487 age-matched controls examined between 1993-1997 were included in this study. Analyses demonstrated that unmarried women had breast cancer rate of 7.7%. Among cancer women, the number of those who had not any live birth was 121 (9.9%). The rates of cancer among women who were under 20, 20-24, 24-29 and 30 years or more at first live birth were 11.2%, 35.8%, 25.1% and 17.9%, respectively. Women who had history of exposure to pesticides and were 30-34 years at first live birth had higher risk for breast cancer (odds ratio 2.327; p<0.05) than those who were without this history and those had similar history of exposure to organophosphorines, organochlorines, carbamate and so on. (OR: 2.337, 3.107, 6.378, respectively).
Breast Neoplasms ; Risk factors ; Pesticides ; Parturition ; Birth Order

A descriptive study was carried out on children less than five years who were born during January 1st, 1996 - December 31st, 2000 in Dong Son and Nga Son district, Thanh Hoa province. Results has shown that the malnutrition rate in children in Nga Son was higher than this in Dong Son, especially malnutrition grade II and III according to the body weight. In contrary, the malnutrition rate in Dong Son was higher than this in Nga Son according to the high
Malnutrition ; Nutrition Disorders ; child ; Body Weight

The descriptive study was conducted on under 5-year children who was born between January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2000 in Dong Son and Nga Son districts, Thanh Hãa province. Malnutrition was classified using age-based weight scale (Gomez scale) and height-based weight scale (Waterlow scale). The results showed that by both scales, malnutrition was more likely to be seen in boys than in girls (p<0.01). Children aged 40-49 months of old were more likely to have malnutrition than other age groups (p<0.01).
Malnutrition ; Nutrition Disorders ; epidemiology