Objective To evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA ) in medical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) .Methods A total of 19 patients with CT-confirmed CSDH in our department from Mar 2014 to Aug 2015 received an in-travenous dose of 1g TXA in the first week ,and followed by a maintenance oral dose of 250 mg TXA three times a day for 1 - 5 months (2 .73 ± 1 .05) months .These patients received a follow-up period of 6 - 10 months .Hematoma volume and neurological functions were compared before and after treatment .Results The therapeutic outcome was divided into effectiveness and ineffec-tiveness .Thirteen cases (68 .4% ) were effective ;six cases (31 .6% ) were ineffective .Among them ,three patients (15 .8% ) whose neurological functions deteriorated underwent surgery ,one patient (5 .3% ) who did not show any improvement with initial one month of TXA underwent surgery ,one patient (5 .3% ) stopped the treatment due to the side-effect of drug ,one patient (5 .3% ) lost .Conclusion Results of this preliminary study show that the administration of TXA is effective and safe in treating CSDH .

OBJECTIVETo analyze the contents of harmful heavy metals, sulfur and trace elements from Paeoniae Radix Alba before and after sulfur-fumigated process.

METHODSamples were pretreated by wet digestion and then subjected to elements analysis by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

RESULTThe contents of Cu and S elements were increased, while the content of Zn element was decreased in Paeoniae Radix Alba after sulfur-fumigated process compared with the samples dried in the sun. Moreover, heavy metallic elements, such as As and Hg, were detected in Paeoniae Radix Alba after sulfur-fumigated process.

CONCLUSIONSulfur fumigated process may cause residual of heavy metals and sulfur which are harmful to human body and change the contents of some trace elements.

Fumigation ; methods ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Sulfur ; analysis ; metabolism ; Trace Elements ; analysis