PURPOSE: Because of the rarity of primary duodenal adenocarcinomas, the factors affecting the management and survival of patients with this disease remain controversial. This study analyzed the nineteen-years of experience gained at one institution to define the surgical management and outcomes of patients with primary duodenal adenocarcinomas. METHODS: A retrospective review of 77 patients, who underwent surgery for a primary duodenal adenocarcinoma at Seoul National University Hospital, between May 1985 and April 2004, was undertaken. The dermographics symptoms, operative variables, surgical pathology and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: A curative resection was performed in 40 patients (51.9%); a pancreaticoduodenectomies and/or resection of other organs, pancreas head resection with a duodenal segmentectomy and a segmental duodenectomy and resection of another organ in 37, 2 and 1, respectively. The remaining 37 patients underwent a palliative resection or bypass. The hospital mortality and complication rates were 2.6% (2 patients) and 42.9% (33 patients), respectively. The overall 5-year survival was 26.8%. The 5-year survival for the curative resection group was 42.7%, whereas that for the palliative surgery group was 0%. In a univariate analysis, nodal metastasis was found to have a significant negative impact on survival after a curative resection (P=0.028). The patients' age, sex, operative procedure, tumor size, histologic type, differentiation and tumor depth had no influence on survival. CONCLUSION: A curative resection is associated with increased survival in patients with a duodenal adenocarcinoma. Following a curative resection, nodal metastasis is an independent prognostic factor. Therefore, the early diagnosis should be sought to achieve a curative resection and increased survival. As a curative resection, a pancreaticoduodenectomy is usually required, and a segmental duodenal resection may be appropriate in selected patients, especially in early duodenum cancer.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; Duodenum ; Early Diagnosis ; Head ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palliative Care ; Pancreas ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pathology, Surgical ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Primary non-ampullary duodenal adenocarcinomas (PNADAs) comprise <0.3% of gastrointestinal malignancies. The rarity of PNADA and poorly defined natural history often leads to a delayed correct diagnosis. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics of PNADA and to identify its prognostic factors. METHODS: Data were collected by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of patients with PNADA managed at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from January 2000 to December 2014. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and pathological variables were investigated, and factors related to survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients with PNADA were identified, and their median age was 64.9+/-13.6 years with 16 (59.3%) being male. The majority of patients (25/27, 92.6%) were initially diagnosed during upper endoscopy with biopsies. The tumor was located on the 1st or 2nd portion of duodenum in 92.6% (25/27) of patients. At the time of diagnosis, 85.2% (23/27) had advanced diseases (stage III or IV); 48.2% (13/27) had distant metastasis. Median survival time was 12 months (1-93 months). One and 3-year survival rates were 48.1% and 33.3%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, total bilirubin > or =2 mg/dL (OR, 85.28; 95% CI, 3.77-1,938.79; p=0.005) and distant metastasis (OR, 26.74; 95% CI, 3.13-2,328.14; p=0.003) at the time of diagnosis were independent poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Presence of distant metastasis was independent prognostic factor of PNADA together with elevated total bilirubin.
Adenocarcinoma/*diagnosis/mortality/pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bilirubin/blood ; Demography ; Duodenal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/mortality/pathology ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies