OBJECTIVETo assess the associations between schizophrenia and six functional genes: dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2), dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4), 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor gene (5-HT2A), 5-HT6 receptor gene (5-HT6), catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) and dopamine transporter gene (DAT1).

METHODSWith the techniques of Amp-RFLP and Amp-FLP, association analysis was made between schizophrenia and the six genes in 67 schizophrenic patients from Chinese Han population.

RESULTS(1) Neither genotypes nor alleles of DRD2, 5-HT2A, 5-HT6 and COMT gene showed significant differences between patients and controls (P>0.05). (2) Six repeats (6R) in DRD4 gene, the allele of 480 bp and the genotype of 480/520 in DAT1 gene were found to be of significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). (3) Only one negative association was observed between the 480 bp allele of DAT1 gene and schizophrenia (OR=0.441, 95% CI:0.202-0.963, Z=2.05, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe 480 bp allele of DAT1 gene is negatively associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population, which stands for the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.

Adult ; Alleles ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; DNA ; genetics ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; genetics ; Receptors, Dopamine D4 ; Receptors, Serotonin ; genetics ; Schizophrenia ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical effect of intramedullary nailing through suprapatellar, infrapatellar and paracpatellar approach in treating tibial shaft fracture. METHODS: From June 2012 to June 2018, 36 patients with tibial shaft fracture were treated with intramedullary nails, and were divided into three groups according to surgical approach. Twleve patients were through suprapatellar approach, including 7 males and 5 females aged from 25 to 53 years old with an average of (37.8±11.4) years old;and 4 patients were type A, 4 patients were type B, and 4 patients were type C according to AO classification. Ten patients were through infrapatellar approach, including 6 males and 4 females aged from 19 to 56 years old with an average of (35.6±10.0) years old;and 3 patients were type A, 4 patients were type B, and 3 patients were type C according to AO classification. Forteen patients were through paracpatellar approach, including 8 males and 6 females aged from 21 to 58 years old with an average of (36.6±10.0) years old;and 4 patients were type A, 6 patients were type B, and 4 patients were type C according to AO classification. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, fracture healing time and complications among three groups were observed, and knee joint functions were evaluated by Lysholm score. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 12 to 18 months with an average of (15.0±3.0) months. There were no difference in intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time among three groups ( CONCLUSION intramedullary nailing through suprapatellar for the treatment of tibial shaft fracture is benefit for fracture healing and recovery of knee joint function, while infrapatellar and paracpatellar approach have advantages in exposure of insertion point. We should select approach reasonably according to our experience.
Adult ; Bone Nails ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult