Therapeutic approaches to brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) include corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, molecular targeted therapy such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has become a new option. This article discussed the roles of surgery, brain radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy , and other new directions in the treatment of patients with brain metastases from NSCLC.

Objective: The current study was designed to investigate the relationship between the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) expression and the effect of chemotherapy in the patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: The samples were selected at epithelial ovarian cancer Stage Ⅲ /Ⅳ , who received more than 6 courses of postoperational chemotherapy, and showed effective (chemotherapy-effective group,28 cases). Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of PCNA protein. Result: The expressions of PCNA in chemotherapy-effective and chemotherapy-ineffective were 32.14± 19.27％ ,23.18± 16.38％ (P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The expression of PCNA were different in epithelial ovarian cancer with different response to chemotherapy, and it may serve as a predicting factor of chemotherapy efficiency in epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines contained in Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture on mRNA expression of lung inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary pathological injury of mice infected by influenza virus, in order to discuss the mechanism of tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines against pulmonary immune inflammatory injury of infected mice.

METHODIn different time phases after mice were infected with influenza virus FM1, the RT-PCR method was adopted to observe the impact of tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines contained in Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture on five inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ, and the changes in pulmonary pathological injury of mice with viral pneumonia after intervention with tonifying qi traditional Chinese medicines.

RESULT(1) Tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines significantly reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-α at 1-5 d and IL-1 mRNA expression at 7 d, may increase IL-1 mRNA expression in mouse lung at 3 d, significantly reduced IL-6 mRNA expression in mouse lung and increased IL-10 mRNA expression at 3-7 d, and significantly increased IFN-γ mRNA expression at 1 d. (2) Tonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines could significantly inhibited and repaired pulmonary immune inflammatory injury of mice infected by FM1, which was most remarkable at 3-7 d after the infection with influenza virus FM1.

CONCLUSIONTonifying Qi traditional Chinese medicines contained in Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture could resist pulmonary immune inflammatory injury and repair inflammatory injury by regulating the mRNA expression of imbalance inflammatory cytokines of organisms infected with influenza virus.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; drug effects ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Lung ; immunology ; virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate the association of interferon (IFN) γ gene polymorphisms and risk and prognosis of HPV cervical infection.Methods PCR-ASP was used for detectiug IFN-γ rs2430561 polymorphism in 179 HPV positive patients and 328 HPV negative normal controls.Results The frequency of A allele of 63.7％ (228/358) was significantly higher than the frequency of T allele of 36.3％ (130/358) in HPV positive group (P =0.045).The frequencies were 41.3％ (74/179) in AA genotype and 14.0％ (25/179) in TT genotype,women carrying AA genotype increased the risk of HPV infection compare with those with TT genotype (OR =1.784,95％ CI:1.031-3.088,P =0.039).During follow-up,the rate of HPV positive again in AA genotype was 83.8％ (62/74),while TT genotype was 20.0％ (5/25).In the analysis of Kaplan-Meier,the cumulative HPV negative rates of AA,TA and TT genotype exhibited significantly different (P =0.008).The cumulative HPV negative rate of AA genotype was the lowest (1.1％-5.9％).Conclusions IFN-γ rs2430561 polymorphisms confer the susceptibility to HPV infection.Women with AA genotype exhibited higher risk of infection and inclined to be continuous status and recurrence after HPV infection.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rimegepant in the treatment of acute migraine. MethodsThe databases of CNKI， Wanfang and VIP database， PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， ClinicalTrials were searched to collect relevant literature on the treatment of Rimegepant in acute migraine. The pain freedom and Most Bothersome Symptom （MBS） freedom 2 hours after medication were the primary outcome indicators， and the other 11 indicators including pain relief 2 hours after medication were the secondary outcome indicators. The Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3， and the quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADE Profiler 3.6 for outcome indicators. ResultsA total of 4 randomized controlled studies involving 3 827 patients， including 1 840 patients in the experimental group and 1 987 patients in the control group. Meta-analysis results showed that， in terms of effectiveness， compared with the control group， the proportion of patients in the Rimegepant group who were painless 2 hours after medication （RR=1.67， 95 % CI： 1.44~1.94， P<0.01）， MBS free 2 hours after medication （RR=1.37， 95% CI： 1.24~1.51， P<0.01） and pain relief （RR=1.33， 95% CI： 1.25~1.41， P<0.01）， pain relief lasting 2~24 hours after medication （RR=1.59， 95% CI： 1.46~1.74， P<0.01）， pain relief lasting 2~48 hours after medication （RR=1.57， 95% CI： 1.42~1.74， P<0.01）， painless 2~24 hours after medication （RR=2.27， 95% CI： 1.62~3.20， P<0.01）， painless 2~48 hours after medication （RR=2.14， 95% CI： 1.52~3.02， P<0.01）， and no fear of light （RR=1.47， 95% CI： 1.32~1.64， P<0.01） and no fear of sound 2 hours after medication （RR=1.40， 95% CI： 1.19~1.64， P<0.01） was higher， the differences were statistically significant. In terms of safety， the proportion of patients with nausea （RR=1.70， 95% CI： 0.95~3.02， P=0.07）， urinary tract infection （RR=1.81， 95% CI： 0.84~3.91， P=0.13）， dizziness （RR=1.14， 95% CI： 0.49~2.63， P=0.77） or elevated transaminase （RR=0.76， 95% CI： 0.45~1.27， P=0.29） showed no statistically significant differences between the Rimegepant group and the control group. Based on GRADE criteria， evidence for Rimegepant in the treatment of acute migraine was of high or moderate quality. ConclusionRimegepant is effective for acute migraine， and the toxic effects are tolerable.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of the small interfering RNA targeting mdm2 gene on the growth of osteosarcoma cells.

METHODSPGCsilencerTM-mdm2 siRNA was constructed and transfected into the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS cells. The inhibitory effects on mdm2 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The cell growth activity was determined by MTT assay, and the cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The therapeutic effects of simdm2 was assessed on the nude mouse model of transplanted tumor.

RESULTSThe simdm2 plasmid was successfully constructed. After simdm2 being transfected into the U2OS cells, the expressions of mdm2 gene and protein were significantly inhibited. The ability of cell growth activity decreased greatly and cell apoptosis occurred apparently. There was no significant difference between the negative control group and non-transfected group. The growth of xenograft tumor in simdm2 transfected nude mice was inhibited and the expressions of mdm2 gene and protein were down-regulated remarkably.

CONCLUSIONsiRNA targeting mdm2 gene inhibits the mdm2 expression in osteosarcoma U2OS cells and the growth of osteosarcoma in nude mice.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasmids ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Burden

BACKGROUNDTransient sublethal ischemia is known as ischemic preconditioning, which enables cells and tissues to survive subsequent prolonged lethal ischemic injury. Ischemic preconditioning exerts neuroprotection through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Cbl-b belongs to the Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family, and it can regulate the cell signal transduction.The roles of ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and PI3K/Akt pathway and the relationship between them in oxygen-glucose deprivation preconditioning (OGDPC) in PC12 cells were investigated in the present study.

METHODSOxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model in PC12 cells was used in the present study. The 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258, and Western blotting were applied to explore the roles of Cbl-b and PI3K/Akt pathway and the relationship between them in OGDPC in PC12 cells.

RESULTSCell viability was significantly changed by OGD and OGDPC. OGD significantly decreased cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and preconditioning could rescue this damage was demonstrated by the increase of cell viability (P < 0.05). The expression of Cbl-b was significantly increased after OGD treatment. However, the activation of Akt and GSK3β was greatly inhibited. Preconditioning could inhibit the increase of Cbl-b caused by OGD and increase the activation of Akt and GSK3β. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, could effectively inhibit the increase of Akt and GSK3β after preconditioning treatment. It partly inhibited the decrease of Cbl-b expression after preconditioning treatment.

CONCLUSIONUbiquitin ligase Cbl-b and PI3K/Akt pathway are differently involved in OGDPC in PC12 cells.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Survival ; Glucose ; deficiency ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo analysis the clinical effects of free patellar implantation in treating the defect of the knee joint after the excision of giant cell tumor in the distal femur and the proximal tibia.

METHODSIf the giant cell tumor in the distal femur and the proximal tibia invaded the articular surface, we resected the condyle of femur or tibia including the tumor, dissociated the patella and placed it in the condyle horizontally to repair the articular surface. The cruciate ligament was reserved in all the patients. The condyle of femur or tibia was replaced by the anterior surface or the articular surface of the patella respectively. The implanted patella was fixed by the screw to the contralateral condyle, and the remaining defect was filled by autogenous cancellous illium.

RESULTSNine patients were followed up 3 to 121 months, the average was 65 months. None of them recurred or metastated. The excellent and good rate of the functional evaluation of knee joints was 88.9%.

CONCLUSIONAfter resecting the condyle of femur or tibia including the tumors which invade the articular surface, we find that free patellar implantation is a suitable way to repair the defect of the knee.

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Femoral Neoplasms ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Patella ; transplantation ; Tibia ; surgery ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

Vimentin, a kind of type Ⅲ intermediate filament protein, is the major component of cytoskeleton of stromal cells. Increasing researches have demonstrated that vimentin is over-expressed in muiltple tumor tissues, and is closely related with the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of tumors. However, correlated studies including cervical neoplasm, endometrial neoplasm and ovarian neoplasm start comparatively late with inconsistent conclusions, thus, a lot of mechanisms need to be further investigated. This paper reviews the expressions and the clinical significances of vimentin in 3 kinds of gynecological malignant tumors.

Statins are a kind of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, which are commonly used to reduce cholesterol level, and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, more and more researches have showed that statins could inhibit angiogenesis through inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and could promote cancer cells apoptosis and synergetically enhance the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to play a potential anti-tumor role. This paper reviews the domestic and foreign research progresses of the anti-tumor mechanisms of statins.