Background: The effective dose of Tranexamic Acid (TA) is unclear in reducing blood loss after cardiac surgery. In Vietnam, the doses of TA 10mg/kg for starting anaesthesia, 5mg/kg for transfusion into extracorporeal circulation solution, then using a maintained dose of 1mg/kg/gi\u1edd reduces blood loss and transfusion, but there is no statistical significant. Objectives: To evaluate blood loss and need for transfusion after cardiac surgery in patients receiving TA 20 mg/kg at induction + 10 mg/kg in extracorporeal circulation solution and 2 mg/kg/1h for maintenance; To evaluate coagulation profile after TA. Subject and methods: A double blind randomly controlled trial is conducted in 80 surgical cardiac patients equally divided into TA and control groups: Results: In the TA group, the post - operative blood loss is 393.50 \xb1 136.64 ml, Hematocrit (Hct) 35.31 \xb1 3.38 % with less individuals and smaller amount of blood and/or frozen fresh platelets needed than in control (p<0.001). Conclusions: An above dose of TA reduces approximately a half of blood loss and elevates Hct postoperatively, with significant lower requirements of transfusion than the control and higher amount of platelets, reduced D-dimers (p<0.05) and unchanged Fibrinogen, PT, INR and aPTT (p >0.05).
open heart surgery ; tranexamic acid ; blood loss

Background: Diseases due to parasites transmitted through food, including liver fluke and intestinal fluke a dangerous disease groups for people.\r\n', u'Objectives: to evaluate trematode infection situation in epidemic areas before providing drug to treat massively high-risk subjects.\r\n', u'Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in two communes of Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province to determine the trematode infection in human in August 2007. Families were randomly selected, and all of members of households were examined for trematode eggs by Kato-Katz technique. A total of 578 people, comprising 321 males (55.5%) and 257 females (44.5%) underwent stool examination. T\r\n', u'Results:120 (37.4%) males and 66 (25.7%) females were positive for small trematode eggs. There was a significant difference between males and females for infection rates with small trematode (X2 = 8.43; p < 0.05). The infection rate of trematodes was lowest in \u2264 20 age group and highest in >60 years old among both males and females. In the majority of the patients with small trematode eggs, the infection intensity was low: about 90.3% whereas 9.7% had moderate infection intensity. High intensity rate (>10.000 epg) was not found. \r\n', u'Conclusion: Trematode infection situation through food is still a healthy problem at investigated epidemic areas. \r\n', u'
Trematode infection ;

Background: Umbilical cord blood - Stem cell CD34 are attracted to study and apply to cure many serious diseases. But the quantity of the cell is small, so it only used to children. Therefore, studying to find out the high effect collected process is necessary. Objective: studying to find out the high effect process of collecting hematopoietic stem cell from umbilical cord blood. Subjects and methods: the study included 112 umbilical cord blood specimens collected from healthy mother delivering at National Hospital of Obstetric and Gynecology.Results: The condition of the mother was healthy, with no risk factors of infection or genetic disease. The average age of mothers was 28 \xb1 5 years old, average weight: 63 \xb1 5 kg. Age of fetus was from 39-41 weeks, average weight: \ufffd?3000g. Collection technique: cutting the umbilical cord after delivery 6-10 seconds, cutting the umbilical cord far from neonatal 6 cm, blood collection continued after the collection of placenta, all processes must be implemented rapidly in the 4 -5 minutes in aseptic condition. With the above process it can be obtained with high effect blood: volume was 90 - 120ml (48%). CD34 cell count: 1.6 \xb1 0.3x106, the number of eukaryotic cells: 13.53 \xb1 1.7x108/unit of the umbilical cord. Conclusions: The process can take the large volume of umbilical cord blood, which can be used for children and low weight adult. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Fetal Blood

Background: The reduction of erythrocytes from cord blood is very need for long - term storage of C034 cells for transplantation. Reduced erythrocyte will reduces preservative blood volume, preservatives and freely HST when defrosting, so stem cells are better protected. Objectives: To study selection of the best centrifugal procedure to reduce maximal erythrocytes and lose minimal C034 cells from cord blood. Subjects and methods: 20 blood samples selected from 60 cord blood units was used for this study. The study was carried out through two steps. In the first step, the centrifugal speed was fixed and the centrifugal time was changed.In the second step, the centrifugal time was fixed, the centrifugal speed was changed. From collected results the best appropriate procedure to reduce erythrocytes from cord blood have been selected. Results: The procedure of gradient centrifuge with speed of 500g in 6 minutes isolated> 50% of erythrocytes, kept > 84% of CD34 cells and then centrifuge of 1000 g in 10 minutes reduced about 40% of volume of nuclear cell - suspension. Conclusion: The procedure can use for preparation of stem cell suspension from cord blood to storage in nitrogen liquid. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Erythrocytes/ pathology ; Fetal Blood/ chemistry ; drug effects ; immunology

Several factors presumed to facilitate the transmission of Taenia spp. were reported in Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study taking questionnaires from 1,185 participants, and collecting 1,151 sera and 1,036 stool samples in northern Vietnam. Sera were examined for circulating antigens of Taenia solium cysticerci using ELISA, stools for Taenia eggs by Kato-Katz smear, and copro-antigens by ELISA. Ag-ELISA revealed 4.6% antigen positivity, indicating infection with viable cysticerci. Taenia eggs were detected in 1.5% of participants. Copro-antigens were found in 2.8% of participants. Eating raw meat and/or vegetables was significantly associated with the presence of copro-antigen (OR=8.6, 95% CI: 1.16-63.9, P=0.01). Considering the high taeniasis prevalence and the associated threat, public health attention should be given to treat the tapeworm carriers in the projected areas.

Several factors presumed to facilitate the transmission of Taenia spp. were reported in Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study taking questionnaires from 1,185 participants, and collecting 1,151 sera and 1,036 stool samples in northern Vietnam. Sera were examined for circulating antigens of Taenia solium cysticerci using ELISA, stools for Taenia eggs by Kato-Katz smear, and copro-antigens by ELISA. Ag-ELISA revealed 4.6% antigen positivity, indicating infection with viable cysticerci. Taenia eggs were detected in 1.5% of participants. Copro-antigens were found in 2.8% of participants. Eating raw meat and/or vegetables was significantly associated with the presence of copro-antigen (OR=8.6, 95% CI: 1.16-63.9, P=0.01). Considering the high taeniasis prevalence and the associated threat, public health attention should be given to treat the tapeworm carriers in the projected areas.