86 cases of spinal fractures with neurological deficit have been reviewed. Surgical treatment of severe spinal injuries with neurological deficit comprises 3 important steps: -reduction-decompression- stabilisation. In cervical injuries, 3 main points can be obtained more often by conservative skeletal traction followed by immobilisation in cast or Halo in extension especially in complete cord lesion. Surgery is seldom indicated. In thoraco lumbar injuries surgery is mainly considered, but decision making for operation must be correct. Surgery attemping at enhancing neurological recovery carries its risk of lost of neurologic functions. Early or delayed operation does not change any neurological outcome. A delayed timing for surgery but good making decision is better than an aggressive surgery, without thinking of the prognosis. A repeated and meliculous neurological examination can predict the making decision for surgery and prognosis of the results.
Spinal Injuries

71 patients with macroscopic hematuria in 923 patients were treated at the Nephrology Department in Nhi Dong I hospital from November 01 to June 30, 2002, accounted for 7.69%. The mean age was 7.73  3.36 years old. The highest level at age group 4-10. Boys were more affted than girls. The symptoms caused by glomerulo-hematuria were anorexia, edema, hypertension, respiratory signs, urine with dark brown, pink color, dysmorphic red blood cells. Urinary signs, urine with bright red color or blood clots, non-dysmorphic red cells were the symptoms which indicating non-glomerulo hematuria. The most common causes were glomerulo-nephritis accounted for 69%, in which post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis was 38.1%. In addition, the recurrent hematuria was 12.7% in which the IgA nephropathy was the most 55.6%. The others were hypercalciuria, nephrotic syndrome, lupus, Henoch-Schonlein
Hematuria ; Child ; Glomerulonephritis

145 children with pleural effusion were investigated at HCM Pediatric Hospital from Jan 1999 to May 2002. Results found that 53,1% of cases occurred in under five years old children, among them 62,8% were admitted in Hospital > 7 days after onset of the disease with the symptoms of fever, tachypnoe, dyspnoe, cough, lung pain. The effusion was commonly occurred in the right side . Pleural effusion S. Aureus was usually occurred 54% off cases were pleural thickening and adhesive. The mortality acconnted for 2,8% with the cause of sepsis and respiratory distress.
Child ; Pleural Effusion/etiology ; Diagnosis

Study on having glomerule <100.000/mm3 of 114 children at the 2 to 12 years of age, who treated at inner synthetic deparment 4 of Infant Hospital 2 from 5/2002 to 5/2003. Result: The incidence haemorrhage reduce glimerule rate in infant is 34% (48/144 cases) all of suffer the disease case enter hospital. Boy per girl rate is 1,527. The disease commons in lower 6 months children. The acute initial development relative to vaccinate of infect super bacteria. Clinical symptom is severe: hypodermic haemorrhage in the form of spot in skill and the upper jaw mucous membrane but rarely intracerebral haemorrhage. Para clinical symptoms is glomerule reduce to < 20.000/mm3 but recover quickly
Hemorrhage ; Infant ; Child

In 47 studied cases of Helicobacter pylori infection of children, the age group from 7-10 was the most common. Main clinical symptoms were chronic abdominal pain without typical signs. The infection was usually accompanied with chronic inflammation of gastric mucous membrane, especially in antrum. Therefore further study must be conducted in large population to monitor the progression of lesions and to determine their relations with gastric cancer in adult
Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Child

Objective:Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) is endemic in poultry in Viet Nam. The country has experienced the third highest number of human infections with influenza A(H5N1) in the world. A study in Hanoi in 2001, before the epizootic that was identified in 2003, found influenza A(H5N1) specific antibodies in 4% of poultry market workers (PMWs). We conducted a seroprevalence survey to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to influenza A(H5N1) among PMWs in Hanoi, Thaibinh and Thanhhoa provinces.Methods:We selected PMWs from five markets, interviewed them and collected blood samples. These were then tested using a horse haemagglutination inhibition assay and a microneutralization assay with all three clades of influenza A(H5N1) viruses that have circulated in Viet Nam since 2004.Results:The overall seroprevalence was 6.1% (95% confidence interval: 4.6–8.3). The highest proportion (7.2%) was found in PMWs in Hanoi, and the majority of seropositive subjects (70.3%) were slaughterers or sellers of poultry.Discussion:The continued circulation and evolution of influenza A(H5N1) requires comprehensive surveillance of both human and animal sites throughout the country with follow-up studies on PMWs to estimate the risk of avian–human transmission of influenza A(H5N1) in Viet Nam.

Background: HIV/AIDS pandemic really become danger to mankind on the earth. Objectives: Description epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients. Studying clinical expression, learning aboutdemands of infected patients and community care for infected patients. Subjects and method: 71 HIV/AIDS people in Thua Thien Hue were studied in 2006. Using descriptive method to give epidemiological characteristics and behaviour of HIV/AIDS people. People were determined HIV/AIDS infection based on the criteria of Ministry of Health. The information were collected by target study. Results: HIV/AIDS people mainly from the age of 20 to 39 (83,10%), males were 52,10% and in various levels of education and all kinds of occupation. The rate of sexually transmitted infection was 84,5% and infection transmission was 15,5%. The rate of sexually transmitted infection within the last 12 months was 57,7%. 63,4% of infected people used condom while having sex with their spouses or partners. 1,4% of infected people using drug infection within the last month. 38% of the infected people had manifestations of AIDS, 77,8% of HIV/AIDS were treated with antiviral drugs. Families and communities had positive attitudes and behaviors to the HIV/AIDS people. Infected people being remoted from the society was 12,7%, 88,7% of them receiving supports from their communities such as disease treatment, spirit and material supports and job opportunities. Conclusion: Strengthen communication activities to change behavior of HIV/AIDS people and in communitiy to reduce alienation, discrimination for infected people. Execute socialization in care and support for HIV/AIDS people.
HIV/ immunology ; isolation & ; purification ; pathogenicity ; Community Health Services/ organization & ; administration ; Epidemiologic Methods ;

Background: With the development of HIV/AIDS pandemic in community, amount of HIV/AIDS people more and more increase in prison. Objectives: Determine the rate of HIV/AIDS infection of prisoners at Binh Dien prison. Learning about related elements to HIV/AIDS infection. Subjects and method: Prisoners at Binh Dien prison. Method: 492 prisoners were chosen, interviewed directly and taken blood samples to HIV test. Using cross-sectional study on accidental samples. Techniques were used in this study: SERODIA-HIV and ELISA technique. Results: The rate of current HIV/AIDS infections was 21,74%, some HIV/AIDS related factors in the prison included sex, religion, income source, marrital status, common knowledge of HIV/AIDS, drug addiction history, needle sharing, sexually transmitted disease history, body tatoos and forskin inserted with metal balls, alcohol and beer drinking history, some factors such as: age and educational level were not associated with HIV/AIDS infection in prison. Conclusion: Strengthen interventional activities in prison to prevent HIV/AIDS spread between prisoners. To prisoners who were not infected HIV/AIDS: strengthen educational communication to they may prevent themselves from HIV/AIDS infection behaviors. To HIV/AIDS prisoners: Need to educate and consult especially to they have right behaviors, prevent HIV/AIDS spread for the others while they were in prison as well as they return to society.
HIV Infections/ blood ; complications ; epidemiology ;