Objective To analyze 206 cases of pregnant women with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)due to different primary diseases and the prognosis.Method A retrospective study was conducted of 206 cases of pregnant women with MODS who were treated during January 2000 to December 2006 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,regarding their primary disease and prognosis.Results Fourty-four cases among the 206 pregnant women with MODS died.The main primary causes were postpartum hemorrhage in 63 cases(30.6%),severe preeclampsia or eclampsia 60 cases (29.1%),pregnancy with hepatitis C in 23 case(11.2%),pregnancy with heart disease in 11 cases (5.3%),12 cases of ectopic pregnancy(5.8%).The mortality was mainly because of pregnancy complicated with heart disease(63.6%),ectopic pregnancy(41.7%),pregnancy with hepatitis (22.7%),of postpartum hemorrhage(17.5%)and severe preeclampsia-eclampsia(11.7%).The difference was statistically significant(P

Objective To investigate the hazard of hypertension at initial diagnosis ages.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling,6 091 adults aged more than 18 years with/without hypertension were interviewed;meanwhile their blood pressures were measured.The hazard of hypertension at initial diagnosed age was analyzed with survival analysis.Results The prevalent rate of hypertension was 19.9%and the average initial diagnosed age of hypertension was 52.0?13.12)yrs.The hazard persistently increased with the age after 35 years old for male,and reached its peak of prevalent rate(26%)at the age of 75 years for female.Not significant difference of hazard existed between male and female.Conclusion Our data indicated that there is a close relationship between the risk of hypertension onset and the age,the hazard increasing with ages,especially for the population aged over 35 years old.Therefore,an early prevention of hypertension should be taken from adolescent period.

Objective To study the mechanism of anti-inflammation and bacteriostasis effect of Qinlian Liyan Heji. Methods To assess the anti-inflammatory effect, blood capillary permeability in mice was increased by acetic acid, the swelling of toe in rats was induced by albumen, and granuloma was induced by cotton ball in mice.The agar dilution method was used to check the minimal inhibitory concentration of Qinlian Liyan Heji on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae.The microdilution method was used to detect the minimal inhibitory concentration of Qinlian Liyan Heji on group A streptococci, Streptococcal pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae. Results Contrast to the negative control group, Qinlian Liyan Heji significantly inhibited the increase of blood capillary permeability caused by acetic acid in the middle dose and the high dose groups.In the low dose and middle dose groups, Qinlian Liyan Heji obviously reduced the swelling of plantar in 2, 3, 4, 5 h.In the high dose group, Qinlian Liyan Heji markedly lowered the swelling of plantar in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h. Qinlian Liyan Heji significantly reduced the granuloma caused by cotton ball. On the other hand, Qinlian Liyan Heji exerted bacteriostatic effect on the above 7 types of bacteria. Conclusion Qinlian Liyan Heji has effects of anti-inflammation and bacteriostasis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Acupuncture Therapy ; Altitude ; Animals ; Brain Edema ; prevention & control ; Female ; Hypoxia, Brain ; therapy ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Adenosine A1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study influenza epidemic and analyze antigenic and genetic characterization of the predominant strains in Wuhan area in 2003.

METHODSEpidemiological data and specimens from influenza patients were collected from surveillance sites weekly. Viruses were isolated from the specimens. Three H3 isolates were chosen to do antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and their HA1 region was sequenced.

RESULTSTotally 58 influenza viruses were isolated from 418 specimens, 57 of them were identified as H3 subtype and 1 of them was B subtype; both monthly positive rate and numbers of influenza like illness had two peaks of winter and summer, the highest peak appeared in July. The 3 new H3 isolates were antigenically different from vaccine strain A/Panama/2007/99, 14 amino acid changes have been found in HA1 domain of these 3 strains compared with A/Panama/2007/99, phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the difference in HA1 domain.

CONCLUSIONSInfluenza epidemic had two peaks in Wuhan area in 2003. The activity of H3 virus was strengthened remarkably. And they are antigenically and genetically different from the vaccine strain.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; China ; epidemiology ; Genes, Viral ; Glycosylation ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, Protein

Maternal and child health is an important issue throughout the world. Given their impact on maternal and child health, nutritional issues need to be carefully addressed. Accordingly, the effect of maternal, child, and nutritional disorders on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) should be calculated. The present study used DALYs to estimate the burden of disease of maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders in the Korean population in 2012. For this purpose, we used claim data of the Korean National Health Insurance Service, DisMod II, and death data of the Statistics Korea and adhered to incidence-based DALY estimation methodology. The total DALYs per 100,000 population were 376 in maternal disorders, 64 in neonatal disorders, and 58 in nutritional deficiencies. The leading causes of DALYs were abortion in maternal disorders, preterm birth complications in neonatal disorders, and iron-deficiency anemia in nutritional deficiencies. Our findings shed light on the considerable burden of maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions, emphasizing the need for health care policies that can reduce morbidity and mortality.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child ; Child Health ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Korea* ; Malnutrition ; Mortality ; National Health Programs ; Nutrition Disorders* ; Premature Birth

OBJECTIVETo assess the DNA damage in mouse sperms induced by exogenous BDE-209 and explore the possible mechanism of BDE-209 in affecting normal zygote development.

METHODSMouse sperms were harvested from the epididymal tail and suspended in HTF medium for a 90-min exposure to BDE-209 at varied concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 µg/ml (groups A-E, respectively). After the exposure, the sperms were subjected to single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) to assess the DNA damage.

RESULTSThe tail length of the sperms averaged 1.15 ∓ 1.27 µm in group A. Exposure to 10 and 20 µg/ml BDE-209 resulted in a significant lengthening of the sperm tails (2.13 ∓ 1.29 µm and 2.83 ∓ 2.46 µm, respectively, P<0.01) as well as increased DNA content in the tail of the cells (P<0.01). The Olive tail moment in group A was 0.270 ∓ 0.322, and increased after BDE-209 exposure to 0.453 ∓ 0.375 and 808 ∓ 0.822 in groups D and E, respectively. The tail/head length ratio in groups C, D, and E (0.077 ∓ 0.093, 0.112 ∓ 0.068, and 0.191 ∓ 0.207) were significantly greater than that in group A (0.045 ∓ 0.049). The DNA damage of the mouse sperms was directly correlated to the concentrations of BDE-209, with correlation coefficients all above 0.9.

CONCLUSIONSExogenous BDE-209 can cause mouse sperm DNA damage and lead to sperm DNA chain breakage, and this effect shows an obvious dose dependence.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flame Retardants ; toxicity ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of prenatal and lactational exposure to brominated diphenyl ethers-209 (BDE-209) on the expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) in the hippocampus of the offspring rats.

METHODSPeanut oil suspensions of commercial BDE-209 were administered daily at doses of 100, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg by oral gavage in pregnant Wistar rats (groups A, B, C, and D, respectively). The control group (E) only received peanut oil of an equivalent volume. The hippocampus was isolated from 10 offspring rats in each group to determine the expression of GAP-43 and BDNF using immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe GAP-43 in the BDE-209-treated groups were lower than that of the control group, and decreased with the increase of the dose of BDE-209 exposure. The groups C and D (P=0.013, P=0.000), but not the groups A and B (P=0.177, P=0.093), showed significant difference from the control group in GAP-43 expression. The positive expression of BDNF in the hippocampus was decreased as the exposure dose to BDE-209 increased, and significant differences were found between the groups B, C, D and the control group (P=0.033, P=0.005, P=0.001, respectively), but not between group A and the control group (P=0.066).

CONCLUSIONSMaternal BDE-209 exposure can decrease the expression of GAP-43 and BDNF in the hippocampus of offspring rats, which may affect the axonal plasticity and regeneration of the neurons.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; biosynthesis ; Female ; GAP-43 Protein ; biosynthesis ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of maternal brominated diphenyl ethers-209 (BDE-209) exposure on the learning and memory ability of the offspring rats in prenatal and lactational periods.

METHODSAfter confirmation of successful mating, female Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups and subjected to daily oral gavage of peanut oil suspensions containing BDE-209 at the doses of 100 mg/kg (group A), 300 mg/kg (group B), 600 mg/kg (group C), and 1200 mg/kg (group D), or only peanut oil (group E, as control). From each group, 20 male weaning rats of the first generation were randomly selected to examine their learning and memorizing ability using Morris water maze. The histological alterations of the hippocampus were observed microscopically with HE staining after the test.

RESULTSDuring the initial one or two days of water maze test, no significant difference was noted in the escape latency between the groups (P=0.068, P=0.104). On days 3 to 5, groups B, C, and D showed prolonged escape latency as compared with the control group (P<0.05), but group A showed no such changes (P>0.05). Under optical microscope, the hippocampus in groups A and B exhibited no significant variation from that of the control group, but in groups C and D, the neural cells were obviously reduced and presented disorderly alignment, with substantial cell nuclear shrinkage and interstitial edema.

CONCLUSIONMaternal BDE-209 exposure induces disturbance of the learning and memorizing ability and pathological changes of the hippocampus in the offspring rats, and these changes show a dose-effect relation.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; toxicity ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar