Introduction: The aim of this study was tostudy the pattern of foreign-body aspiration inthe tracheobronchial tree as well as the successrate of rigid bronchoscopy in children admittedto the National Center for Maternal and ChildHealth, Mongolia during 2012-2016.Materials and Methods: In this crosssectionaldescriptive study, the required datawere collected from the medical reports ofall children under the age of 13 years withsuspected foreign-body aspiration who wereadmitted and underwent explorative flexibleand rigid bronchoscopy during 2012-2016. Thedata was retrospective viewed.Results: Among 40 patients with aconfirmed aspiration, 57.5% (23) were malesand 42.5% (17) were females. 42.5% were1-3 years old. The most common complaints(symptoms) of patients were non-productivecough (82.5%), wheezing (52.5%) andrespiratory distress (22.5%). The mostfrequently aspirated foreign bodies were nuts(peanuts). In total, 57.5% of foreign bodieswere lodged in the right bronchial tree. In 100%of cases, the foreign body was completelyextracted by bronchoscope. The majority ofcases were admitted more than 24 hours afterthe occurrence of aspiration, and pneumoniawas the most common complication. In X-rayfindings Golitsknyekhta Yakobsona’s symptomswere in 10 /25%/ cases.Conclusion: Patient history, especiallyinitial suspicion of aspiration, coughing,wheezing and respiratory distress, can behelpful in the diagnosis of foreign-bodyaspiration. All foreign bodies were removed bybronchoscope /100%/ without complications.In X-ray findings Golitsknyekhta Yakobsona’ssymptoms were in 10 /25%/ cases.

Introduction: In Mongolia laparoscopicsurgery starts 25 years ago, in our center /NCMCH/ we start laparoscopic surgery fromOctober 2013.Materials and metods: The articleanalyzes the results of treatment of 2patients 16 years old girl and 14 yearsold boy, who underwent laparoscopicechinococcectomy. Abdominal ultrasoundshowed solitary echinococcosis in VII liversegment, diameters is 9.8cm and 7.4cm.The echinococcus cysts were removed bylaparoscopy. In residual cavity of echinococcuscyst was performed laparoscopic coagulationof the inner wall of the fibrous capsulewithout drainage. After laparoscopic liverechinococcectomy postoperative period wasmuch more favorable than after traditionalechinococcectomy.Results: to evaluate the therapeutictactics and ways to improve the eliminationof residual cavities after laparoscopicechinococcectomy of liver in children.Conclusions: The hospital stay in thepostoperative period was 3 bed days.Laparoscopic echinococcectomy is goingwithout postoperative complications,without residuals, reduce the duration ofpostoperative hospital stays.

BACKGROUND. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 10-15% of couples of reproductive age have infertility. According to researcher D. Sukhe (1999), hormonal infertility in the reproductive age of women was 33.6%, which was a large part of the cause of infertility. In recent years, the number of cases of endocrine disorders, including malignancy and sexually transmitted infections, have been increasing year by year. According to WHO reports, thyroid disorders have a prevalence of 49.3% among active reproductive age (30-50) group. According to the report of the Health Development Center in 2016, since the thyroid disorders are the second most common disease in endocrine gland disease, our study has found that the infertility in reproductive age of women can be substantial due to the loss of thyroid gland. OBJECTIVE. To study the relationship between the thyroid gland antibodies and female infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was carried out in 20-45 year old couples and was modeled as an analytical study model. The questionnaire was used for the couple’s interviews, antroplogical measurements, and serum was analysed. On the serum, anti-TPO and аnti-TG carbohydrates were identified by the Cobas e-411 analyzer under the manufacturer’s accompanying protocol. RESULTS. Prevalence of TAI, in 6.7% positive anti-Tg were found, and 14.3% had positive TPO. In 3.7% of cases, both types of autoantibodies were present. We analysed binary logistic regression for anti-TPO and anti-TG autoantibody in the positive and negative group in relation to the past obstetrics history. A=Accoding to the analysis, evidence of positive anti-TPO and anti-Tg increased the risk of miscarriage by 2.2 times (OR = 2.2, p <0.01). CONCLUSION: Women with infertility in our study have high percentage of subclinical hypothyroidism and have higher rate of thyroid autobodies in serum which could be a problem for women with infertility and pregnancy complications due to the loss of thyroid gland. Thus, there is a need to develop intervention guidelines for recovery and treatment of these types of infertility.

BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 10-15% of couples of reproductive age have infertility. According to researcher D. Sukhe (1999), hormonal infertility in the reproductive age of women was 33.6%, which was a large part of the cause of infertility. In recent years, the number of cases of endocrine disorders, including malignancy and sexually transmitted infections, has been increasing year by year. According to WHO reports, thyroid disorders have a prevalence of 49.3% for active reproductive age (30-50). According to the report of the Health Development Center in 2016, since the thyroid disorders are the second most common disease in endocrine gland disease, our study found that the infertility in reproductive age of women can be substantial due to the loss of thyroid gland. METHODS: The study was carried out by the couple of 20-45 year-olds and modeled as an analytical study model. The questionnaire was used for the couple’s interviews and some of the measurement of body and serum use of TOSOH Corporation AIA-360, Tokyo, Japan. On the serum, anti-TPO and аnti-TG carbohydrates are identified by the Cobas e-411 analyzer under the manufacturer’s accompanying protocol. RESULTS: 76.7% of women were diagnosed with infertility euthyroid, 0.7% hyperthyroidism, 22.6% hypothyroidism (3.8% with overt hypothyroidism and 18.8% subclinical hypothyroidism). Prevalence of TAI, in 6.7% isolated positive anti-Tg were found, and 14.3% had isolated positive TPO, In 3.7% of cases, both types of autoantibodies were present. We analysed binary logistic regression for anti-TPO and anti-TG autoantibody in the positive and negative group in past obstetrics history, evidence of positive of anti-TPO and anti-Tg was increased risk of miscarriage 2.2 times (OR = 2.2, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Women with disorders in our study have high percentage of subclinical hypothyroidism and have higher rate of thyroid autobodies in serum which may be a problem for women with infertility and pregnancy complications due to the loss of thyroid gland. There is a need to develop a principle of recovery and treatment.

Background: Thyroid hormone disorders have an adverse effect on human spermatogenesis. Thyroid function has regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and thyroid stimulation hormone is a critical measurement of thyroid disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone and sperm parameters. Methods: This study has conducted 99 man who have visited RMC and Ojinmed IVF centers. Serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured by automated immunoassay analyzer (TOSOH AIA-360, Japan). Semen analysis was done in all the participants and evaluated by World Health Organization’s guidelines(2010). Results were calculated by SPSS 26 program. Results: The average age was 35.2±5.76. The mean serum TSH level was 1.37±0.57 and 1.85±1.16 normal subjects and spermatogenesis dysfunction group, respectively. Furthermore, serum TSH level and sperm parameters were significantly different between two groups (p<0.05). Logistical regression analysis showed that increased TSH level negatively affected the motility (r=-0.28; p<0.05) and progressive motility (r=-0.34;p<0.05) of sperm more than other parameters (r=-0.34; p=0.035). There was no correlation between serum TSH and other sperm parameters. We analyzed binary logistic regression for TSH with spermatogenesis dysfunction in case control groups. According to the analysis, elevation of serum TSH level increases the risk of spermatogenesis dysfunction by 5.0 times (OR=5.06, p<0.05). Conclusions Subclinical hypothyroidism adversely affect some sperm parameters, including motility and progressive motility. Subclinical hypothyroidism increases the risk of spermatogenesis dysfunction.