Most of the peripheral nerve injuries from crushing or compressive forces are accompanied by surrounding soft tissue injuries. As a result, poor vascularity due to fibrosis and sacr formation compromises regeneration of the grafted nerve. Vascularized nerve graft shows superior regeneration to that of a non-vascularized one. However, the human body provides few donor sites of vascularized nerve graft clinically. We presumed that the prefabricated myoneural or adiponeural flap, which include fabricated nerves wrapped with surrounding vascularized muscle or adipose tissue flap, influences superiorly on the regeneration of grafted nerve because that surrounding vasculatity indirectly enhances the vascularity of the grafted nerve itself. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: 1) conventional reversed autogenous graft of the femoral nerve alone(n=10); 2) nerve graft entubulated with abdominal adipose tissue flap with a pedicle of inferior epigastric artery(n=10); 3) nerve graft entubulated with adductor muscle flap with a pedicle of the first muscular branch of the femoral artery(n=10). At three months postoperatively, grafted nerves were examined by electrophysiologic study to check amplitudes and motor nerve conduction velocities, as well as histopathologic study for evaluation of regenerated nerve cells, fibrosis and neo-vascularization. Consquently, nerve regeneration was found in all three groups. Both the myoneural and adiponeural flap groups had better improved results of nerve regeneration compared to that of the conventional nerve graft group. The result of myoneural flap group was superior to that of the adiponeural flap group. The myoneural flap group showed minimal fibrosis and less prominent neovascularization around moderately regenerated nerves. The adiponeural flap group showed more severe perineural and endoneural fibrosis, as well as vascular proliferation around focal regenerated nerves. The results of myoneural flap group proved to be statistically significant. We concluded that it is possible to use nerve graft entubulated with a vascularized muscle flap (myoneural flap) as a substitute for vascularized nerve graft.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Femoral Nerve ; Fibrosis ; Human Body ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration* ; Neural Conduction ; Neurons ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants*

Owing to a large-jeopardized myocardium, left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) represents the substantial high-risk anatomical subset of obstructive coronary artery disease.For several decades, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been the “gold standard” treatment for LMCAD. Along with advances in CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has also dramatically evolved over time in conjunction with advances in the stent or device technology, adjunct pharmacotherapy, accumulated experiences, and practice changes, establishing its position as a safe, reasonable treatment option for such a complex disease. Until recently, several randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and observational registries comparing PCI and CABG for LMCAD have shown comparable long-term survival with tradeoffs between early and late risk-benefit of each treatment. Despite this, there are still several unmet issues for revascularization strategy and management for LMCAD. This review article summarized updated knowledge on evolution and clinical evidence on the treatment of LMCAD, with a focus on the comparison of state-of-the-art PCI with CABG.

A 69-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of flu-like symptoms and fatigue for 2 weeks. Computed tomography revealed ground glass opacity and consolidation in both the lungs as well as pleural effusion. The patient was diagnosed with pneumonia and was hospitalized. At the time of hospitalization, he complained of shortness of breath and coughed-up blood-tinged sputum. Two days after admission, he died suddenly. An autopsy was performed; cardiomegaly was noted, and further examination revealed that the aortic valve had been destroyed by multiple, irregular vegetations. Herein, we report an autopsy case of infective endocarditis with a review of the relevant literatures.
Aged ; Aortic Valve ; Autopsy* ; Cardiomegaly ; Dyspnea ; Endocarditis* ; Fatigue ; Glass ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Lung ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Sputum

For several decades, based on clinical trials comparing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) with medical therapy, bypass surgery has been regarded as the treatment of choice for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. However, because of marked advancements in techniques of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting and CABG and adjunctive pharmacologic therapy, new evaluation and a review of current indications for optimal revascularization therapy for LMCA disease may be required to determine the standard of care for these patients. The available current evidence suggests that the composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction and stroke is similar in patients with LMCA disease who are treated with PCI with stenting or CABG, only difference was the rate of repeat revascularization. Cumulative and emerging data from several extensive registries and a large clinical trial may have prompted many interventional cardiologists to select PCI with stenting as an alternative revascularization strategy for such patients. In addition, these data may change future guidelines and support the need for prospective, large randomized trials comparing the two revascularization treatment. Finally, these evidence will change the current clinical practice of revascularization strategy for unprotected LMCA disease.
Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Registries ; Standard of Care ; Stents ; Stroke ; Transplants

Coronary stent thrombosis (ST) has been regarded as a rare but catastrophic complication of bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation that normally occurs during the first few weeks after stenting. In the drug-eluting stent (DES) era, there has been increasing concern regarding higher rates of ST due to delayed endothelialization. However, a pooled meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and registry studies showed rates of ST (0.4-1.5%) after DES to be similar to those of BMS. The rate of ST did not differ between sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents. Additionally, the rates of late ST were similar between DES and BMS. Remarkably, very late occurrence of ST, which develops up to 1-2 years after DES implantation, was significantly associated with complete cessation of antiplatelet therapy. Further large-scale studies are needed to determine the optimal combination and duration for antiplatelet therapy in order to prevent these serious thrombotic events.
Drug-Eluting Stents* ; Stents* ; Thrombosis*

The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, which included congenital anomalies such as macroglossia, exomphalos, postnatal somatic gigantism, have a substantially increased risk for the development of tumor. We report a case of testicular yolk sac tumor associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a previously unreported association. Pathologic examination showed Schiller-Duval body with evidence of testicular yolk sac tumor. This finding appears to represent a previously unreported association between Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and testicular yolk sac tumor.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Gigantism ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Macroglossia ; Testis ; Yolk Sac*

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Subcortical aphasia is derived from infarction, hemorrhage or tumor in subcortical area, such as striatocpsular region, thalamus, paraventricualr white matter and corona radiata. To our knowledge, there have been few studies on subwrtical aphasia in Korea. OBJECTIVE: 1) To evaluate various lesion sites and clinical features associated with subcortical aphasia. 2) To evaluate type and characteristics of subcortical aphasia by Modified Western Aphasia Battery(MWAB) test. 3)To predict the mechanisms of subcortical aphasia and to relate type of aphasia to hypoperfusion are a ascertained by brain SPECT. METHODS: We analysed 19patients wing brain CT/MRI and neurolinguistical method of MWAB, who presented language disturbance of aphasic nature due to subcortical strokes. Cerebral blood flow was measured in 10 out of 19 patients using brain SPECT. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: 1) The lesion sites responsible for subcortical aphasia were caudate nucleus, putamen, internal capsule, thalamus, paraventricular white matter and corona radiata. Hemiparesis and dysarthria were more common in subcortical aphasia than in cortical one. 2) Subcortical aphasia was characterized by higher incidence of anomic type and more rapid recovery than cortical aphasia. Most subcortical aphasia following thalamic lesions revealed characteristic features of Preservation of repetition and prominent deficits in naming. 3) Ten cases of subcortical aphasia showed both cortical and subcortical hypoperfusion, suggesting that subcortical aphasia be derived from secondary hypoperfusion of the cortical language area. In most of the patients, the types and severity of subcortical aphasia correlated with the location and extent of cortical hypoperfusion area.
Aphasia* ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Dysarthria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Internal Capsule ; Korea ; Paresis ; Putamen ; Stroke ; Thalamus ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

To validate ventricular diastolic phase parameters of reconstructed transmitral flow rate curve by M-mode, 2-dimensional and pulsed Doppler Echocardiography, these parameters were compared with same parameters by left ventriculography. The study population was 22 patients who received both coronary arteriography and echocardiographic examination. Transmitral flow rate curve and left ventricular filling volume curve were reconstructed from transmitral flow velocity curve by pulsed Doppler, mitral annulus diameter by two diameter by two dimensional and diastolic motion of both mitral leafltes by M-mode echocardiography. From left ventriculography, left ventricular filling volume curve and transmitral flow rate curve were made using area-length method by Sandler and Dodge. From trasmitral flow fraction, 1/2 diastolic time filling fraction, normalized peak filling volume, 1/3 diastolic time filling fraction, 1/2 diastolic time fraction, normalized peak early filling rate and ratio of early to late peak filling rate were measured. Correlation between same parameters derived from echocardiography and left ventriculography were observed. 1) Total diastolic filling volume:correlation coefficient r=0.47, P<0.05. 2) 1/3 diastolic time filling fraction:correlation coefficient r=0.90, P<0.001. 3) 1/2 diastolic time filling fraction:correlation coefficient r=0.80, P<0.001. 4) Normalized peak early filling rate:correlation coefficient r=0.57, P<0.01. 5) Ratio of early to late peak filling rate:correlation coefficient r=0.85, P<0.001. Therefore, left ventricular diastolic phase parameters of reconstructed transmitral flow rate curve using, M-mode, 2-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography seems to be useful for the noninvasive evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function.
Angiography ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hyperprolactinemia*

We observed 62 patients who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Severance Hospital for the treatment of pleurisy with effusion during the period of 11 years from Apr. 1965 to May 1975. The following results was obtained. 1) Age and sex incidence : 72.6% were between the age of 3 to 12 years. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.7:1. 2) Seasonal incidence : Effusion occured most commonly in the spring(33.9%) least often in the winter(17.8%). 3) Symptoms on admission in order were fever,(77.4%) cough,(61.3%) dyspnea,(40.3%) Chest pain, (27.4%) etc. 4) There was a contact history with tuberculous family in 17 cases(27.3%). P.P.D skin test was positive in 43 cases(69%). 5) The site of effusion was 60% on the right and 40% on the left. 6) In all cases, antitubeculous drugs were used. Among 54 cases treated with prednisolone, pleural fluid was disappeared completly in 21 cases within 2 weeks.
Chest Pain ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pleurisy* ; Prednisolone ; Seasons ; Sex Ratio ; Skin Tests