No abstract available.
Environmental Pollution* ; Soil*

No abstract available.
Migraine Disorders* ; Prescriptions*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Purpura*

No abstract available.
Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

PURPOSE:Growth retardation is a serious clinical problem in children with chronic renal failure(CRF). Dialysis and renal transplantation do not provide an improvement in growth velocity. Possible causes of growth retardation are nutritional deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, uremia, renal asteodystrophy and chronic anemia. However, catch-up growth cannot be achieved after correcting these factors. There is no concordance about disturbances of growth hormone(GH)-insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. in CRF. This study was designed to evaluate the growth status, IGF-I, GH and the effect of GH in CRF. METHODS:Twelve children with CRF(five were treated conservative, seven were transplanted) were included. IGF-I, stimulated GH, 24 hour integrated concentration of GH (IC-GH)were measured. Six were given rhGH(0.1U/kg/day) for average one year. RESULTS: 1)Growth velocity(GV) was 3.2+/-0.8cm/yr(conservative therapy:3.3+/-0.7, transplanted:2.9+/-0.8). Height standard deveation score(SDS) was -2.4+/-1.3cm/yr(conservative therapy group:-3.3+/-1.4, transplanted group:-1.3+/-0.4). Bone age lagged 2.1+/-13yr behind chronological age. 2) IGF-I concentrations were normal. 3)Stimulated GH levels were normal(16.6+/-3.3ng/ml) except one patient. Twenty- four hour IC-GH were less than 3.2ng/ml in 4 patients. 4)After GH therapy, GV increased 3.3+/-0.7cm/yr to 5.4+/-0.8cm/yr and Ht SDS increased -3.3+/-1.4 to -2.9+/-1.5 in the conservatively treated group. GV increased 2.9+/-0.8cm/yr to 5.5+/-1.8cm/yr and Ht SDS increased -1.3+/-0.4 to -0.8+/-0.5 in the transplanted group. CONCLUSION: Stimulated GH was normal but spontaneous secretion of GH was decreased in some patients with CRF. This neurosecretory dysfunction may be one causative factor in CRF. For these patients GH replacement therapy will be effective in promoting growth.
Anemia ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child* ; Dialysis ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Malnutrition ; Uremia

Majority of the eyes with subfoveal neovascular membrane loss the central vision. We observed two patients who regained significant central vision as the result of the involution of subfoveal neovascularization. On follow-up fundus examination, the subretinal lesions revealed grayish neovascular membranes stained with fluorescein, but did not show the fluid leakage. And subretinal hemorrhage and subretinal fluid were gradually resolved. We assumed that functioning retinal pigment epithelium within the macula and young age were the important factors of the spontaneous improvement of visual outcome.
Fluorescein ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Membranes ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Subretinal Fluid

No abstract available.
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary

The effects of testosterone on the pituitary growth hormone (GH) response directly and to hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) were evaluated in vitro using a male pituitary cell monolayer culture system. Wistar male rats were gonadectomized at 22 days of age, and 21 days later their anterior pituitaries were removed and trypsinized for cell dispersion. Testosterone 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 nM was added to the medium for 1 day and GH amounts in media were measured. In another experiment, testosterone 1, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10,0 nM was added to the medioum for 3 days, and subsequently 5 nM GHRH was added for 1 day, thereafter GH amounts in media were measured. The results were as follows: 1) The increase of GH response after testosterone administration to the cultured rat pituitary cell was not significant. 2) The rat pituitary cell response to GHRH was augmented after pretreatment with testosterone. These results are suggested that testosterone has no direct effect on GH secretion, but by increasing the pituitary cell response to GHRH, contributes to the regulation of GH secretion in vitro.
Animals ; Growth Hormone* ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Male ; Rats* ; Testosterone* ; Trypsin

Although embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma has been frequently reported in genitourinary tract, head and neck, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree is an extremely rarte. It must be considered in differential diagnosis of jaundice in childhood. About 35 cases have been reported in world literatures, since first description on 1875, by Moxon and Wilks. We present a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in a 25 months old boy with brief review of literatures. Since chief complaints of this case were jaundice and loss of appetite, the first clinical diagnosis was infectious hepatitis. On ultrasound examination, there is a space occupying lesion in right lobe of liver and it was diagnosed as hepatoma. Choledochoduodenostomy with biopsy was done. The operation revealed dilated common bile dut and both hepatic ducts which were filled with light brown jelly like materials and diagnosed as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma on frozen and permanent senions. In gross and histologic characteristics, this tumor resembles embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma(sarcoma botryoides) in other locations. In spite of chemo-and radiotherapy after operation, the boy was died.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Biopsy

PURPOSE: Short stature is the most constant finding in Turner syndrome. Short stature in Turner syndrome has lately received considerable attention, mostly because of recent attemp to improve growth by hormonal treatments; growth hormone, oxandrolone, estrogen. The aim of this study was to find out whether growth promoting treatment would improve final height in girls with Turner syndrome. METHODS:Seventy-one girls with the clinical chracteristics Turner syndrome verified by karyotype analysis were entered into this study. The following selection criteria for final adult height were used; Chronological age of more than 14years old, bone age of more than 15years old and growth velocity of less than 0.5cm per 6months. Analysis was performed by means of multiple regression analysis between descriptive data; modality of treatment with oxandrolone and/or estrigen, parental height, karyotype and final adult height. RESULTS: 1) The final adult height of untreated Turner syndrome was 138.9+/-3.9cm. 2)The final adult height in 29 GH treated Turner girls was 143.9+/-6.5cm, significant higher value than 42 GH untreated Turner girls height, 139.8+/-5.2cm(p<0.01). 3) The final height in GH only group and combined group were 141.2+/-6.0cm, 146.2+/-6.2cm, respectively. The combined therapy was more effective than GH therapy(p<0.01). 4) The final height in 32 patients with karyotype of 45,X was 141.6+/-5.6cm, and that of 31 structural aberration group was 140.3+/-6.2cm. There was no significant difference between two groups. But in mosaicism, only numeric abnormalities, the final height 145.9+/-6.1cm was much more higher than other two groups(p<0.05). 5) The final adult height in Turner syndrome was in good correlation with target height. Final adult height(cm)= 1.01*Target height(cm)- 4.97 r=0.51, p<0.05. 6) There was positive correlation between final adult height and height SDS at start GH treatment and negative correlation with age at start GH treatment. The delta height (final height - height at start treatment) correlate with GH treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS:The final adult height in Turner syndrome in a given ethinic or national population varies in the same way as adult height in normal women. Growth hormone therapy may increase final height in Turner syndrome irrespective of ethinic or national difference. Further growth was observed in GH combined with estrogen or oxandrolone.
Adult* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mosaicism ; Oxandrolone ; Parents ; Patient Selection ; Turner Syndrome*