Many methods have been developed for the reduction of the isolated zygomatic arch fracture. Even though the reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fracture can be made well according to the various methods, the Gillies' method has been selected as the 1st choice. But long term follow-up study of this method was not reported. So long term follow up of zygomatic arch fracture was performed in 35 patients who were treated by Gillies' method. Authors divided isolated zygomatic arch fractures into three classes (Type A : a simple fracture with one fracture line and one greenstick fracture, TyPe B : medially depressed fracture with three fracture lines, Type C : a medially depressed fracture segment with two fracture lines) and followed up the reduced isolated zygomatic arch fracture cases using Gillies' method by radiographes and interview. The depression of lesion site was estimated by comparing with tracing the zygomatic arch shadow of normal side. The results were as follows: 1. The mean follow up time was 33.4 month. 2. The isolated zygomatic fractures were classified by three group. A: a simple fracture (16 cases) B: the central fracture point was a medially depressed fracture (14 cases) C: fracture with a medially depressed segment (5 cases) 3. The mean depression of lesion site was 2.3 mm. (Type A: 2.0 mm, Type B: 3.2 mm, Type C: 2.4 mm and difference between A and B was significant statistically (p < 0.037)). 4. The mean depression of zygomatic arch fracture was 2.1 mm in excellent group, 2.4 mm in good group and 5.2 mm in poor group and difference between excellent and poor, and between good and poor group were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). 5. On result of subjective satisfaction, number of excellent case was 17(48.6%), it of good case was 15(42.9%) and it of poor case was 3(8.6%) (Type A: 9, 7, 0, Type B: 5, 7, 2 and Type C: 3, 1, 1 excellent, good and poor in sequence). 6. The mean depression of overcorrection group(17, 8, 1 excellent good and poor in sequence) and nonovercorrection group(2, 5 and 2 in excellent, good and poor in sequence) was 2.26 and 3.6 mm in each other(p < 0.004). After reviewing all of results, it is concluded that Gillies' method is acceptable as the 1st choice for the reduction method of an isolated zygomatic arch.
Depression ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Zygoma* ; Zygomatic Fractures

Many methods have been developed for the reduction of the isolated zygomatic arch fracture. Even though the reduction of isolated zygomatic arch fracture can be made well according to the various methods, the Gillies' method has been selected as the 1st choice. But long term follow-up study of this method was not reported. So long term follow up of zygomatic arch fracture was performed in 35 patients who were treated by Gillies' method. Authors divided isolated zygomatic arch fractures into three classes (Type A : a simple fracture with one fracture line and one greenstick fracture, TyPe B : medially depressed fracture with three fracture lines, Type C : a medially depressed fracture segment with two fracture lines) and followed up the reduced isolated zygomatic arch fracture cases using Gillies' method by radiographes and interview. The depression of lesion site was estimated by comparing with tracing the zygomatic arch shadow of normal side. The results were as follows: 1. The mean follow up time was 33.4 month. 2. The isolated zygomatic fractures were classified by three group. A: a simple fracture (16 cases) B: the central fracture point was a medially depressed fracture (14 cases) C: fracture with a medially depressed segment (5 cases) 3. The mean depression of lesion site was 2.3 mm. (Type A: 2.0 mm, Type B: 3.2 mm, Type C: 2.4 mm and difference between A and B was significant statistically (p < 0.037)). 4. The mean depression of zygomatic arch fracture was 2.1 mm in excellent group, 2.4 mm in good group and 5.2 mm in poor group and difference between excellent and poor, and between good and poor group were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). 5. On result of subjective satisfaction, number of excellent case was 17(48.6%), it of good case was 15(42.9%) and it of poor case was 3(8.6%) (Type A: 9, 7, 0, Type B: 5, 7, 2 and Type C: 3, 1, 1 excellent, good and poor in sequence). 6. The mean depression of overcorrection group(17, 8, 1 excellent good and poor in sequence) and nonovercorrection group(2, 5 and 2 in excellent, good and poor in sequence) was 2.26 and 3.6 mm in each other(p < 0.004). After reviewing all of results, it is concluded that Gillies' method is acceptable as the 1st choice for the reduction method of an isolated zygomatic arch.
Depression ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Zygoma* ; Zygomatic Fractures

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Flow Cytometry* ; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease*

No abstract available.
Abortion, Induced* ; Female ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care*

No abstract available.
Abortion, Induced* ; Female ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care*

Measurements were made of the residual level of chlorinated hydrocarbon compound and mercury compound in the tissues of wild birds and herbs in Korea from November 1974 to August 1975. Aldrin was detected in all of the wild birds analyzed. The residue levels of aldrin varied from 0.353ppm to 16.115ppm. Among the tissues analyzed, the feathers contained the highest concentration of aldrin, but chloridane could not be detected in wild birds. The pesticides detected in wild birds were (alpha+beta)-BHC gamma-BHC, delta-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin, TDE and DDT. Dieldrin was detected only in the stomach of eastern dunlin caught at the Nakdong River basin. Residue levels of mercury were measured in all wild birds analyzed. Among tissues analyzed for mercury compound concentration, here also the feathers showed the highest level. The feathers of the eastern dunlin showed a high content of mercury compound which was 76.665 ppm at the highest level. Herbs used as material for oriental remedies were contaminated by chlorinated hydrocarbons which were (alpha+beta)-BHC, gamma-BHC, dieldrin, DDT, heptachlor, TDE, aldrin and epoxide. The insect materials from Cicadae testa, Bombycis corpus, and Scolopendia were much more contaminated by pesticides than plant materials. Herbs cultivated in arable areas were also found to be more contaminated by pesticides than wild ones. Herbs, on the whole, contained lower levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons than wild birds. The incidence of pesticide residues in natural products and in wild birds, however, should be considered as a global environmental pollution problem. The present investigation could contribute as a baseline study for the monitoring of pesticide pollution, its application and dispersal, and the hazard limit for food and human health.
Animal ; Birds/metabolism* ; Human ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis ; Korea ; Mercury/analysis ; Pesticide Residues/analysis* ; Plants/analysis*

Soft tissue filler injection has been a very common procedure worldwide since filler injection was first introduced for soft tissue augmentation. Currently, filler is used in various medical fields with satisfactory results, but the number of complications is increasing due to the increased use of filler. The complications after filler injection can occur at any time after the procedure, early and delayed, and they range from minor to severe. In this review, based on our experience and previously published other articles, we suggest a treatment algorithm to help wound healing and tissue regeneration and generate good aesthetic results with early treatment in response to the side effects of filler. Familiarity with the treatment of these rare complications is essential for achieving the best possible outcome.
Algorithms ; Biocompatible Materials/*therapeutic use ; Connective Tissue/*surgery ; Face/surgery ; Guided Tissue Regeneration/*methods ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Injections ; Skin Aging ; Surgery, Plastic/*methods ; Tissue Engineering/*methods ; Wound Healing

Lectins are glycoproteins of plant and animal origin that have the ability to bind specific carbohydrate residues of cell glycoconjugates, particularly in terminal positions. In this study, the binding of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (isolectin B4), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), was studied in the reproductive systems of male thoroughbred horses.DBA was detected in the stereocilia of the caput and corpus epididymis, and in the vas deferens. It was weakly detected in connective tissue of the corpus epididymis. Strong SBA staining was seen in epithelial cells in the testis, stereocilia of the corpus and cauda epididymis, and in the vas deferens. There were intense positive reactions for isolectin B4 in interstitial cells in all tissue and serosa of the vas deferens. PNA staining was seen only in stereocilia in the caput and corpus epididymis, and in the vas deferens. Strong WGA staining was seen throughout the testis, except in Sertoli cells, stereocilia, and connective tissue. UEA-I was detected in secondary spermatids, stereocilia, and epithelial cells of the cauda epididymis.These results show that degenerating cells in the testis, epididymal tubules, and vas deferens have differential affinities for lectins, and suggest that lectins play a role in the reproductive system of the horse. The heterogeneity of the lectin staining pattern in the reproductive tubules of adult horses suggests that the carbohydrate composition of each cell type is region specific.
Animals ; Epididymis/cytology/*metabolism ; Horses/*metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry/veterinary ; Lectins/*metabolism ; Male ; Testis/cytology/*metabolism ; Vas Deferens/cytology/*metabolism

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: Frontotemporal dementia is a behavioral disorder arising from nonAlzheimer's disease atrophy of frontal and anterior temporal lobe. Clinical manifestations include frontal lobe dysfunction. Kluver-Bucy syndrome or progressive language impairments. Two types of histological change underline, the atrophy. The commoner pathology is nerve cell loss and spongiform change with astrocytic gliosis. The second one is typical Pick-type histology characterized by intraneuronal inclusion body and astrocytic gliosis. We report a case with biopsy proved Pick's disease presenting with progressive nonfluent speech. CASE: A 41-years, old right-handed woman developed progressive language impairment over a period of 6 months. Brain MRI revealed asymmetric frontotemporal cortical atrophy more severe on the left side and 18F-FDG-brain, PET showed hypometabolism in the same area. Neuropsychological test including Korean version-Western Aphasia Battery revealed non-fluent speech as well as frontal lobe, dysfunction. A biopsy from left frontal lobe, demonstrate neuronal loss and diffuse astrogliosis. In the cytoplasm of remaining neurons are eosinophilic inclusion bodies which are neurofilament-positive with immunostaining. Senile plaque, neurofibrillary tangle and cortical Lewy body were absent. COMMENT: We report a case presenting with progressive nonfluent speech whose imaging and pathological findings are compatible with Pick's disease, which may be the first biopsy proven case in Korea.
Aphasia ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Frontotemporal Dementia ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Kluver-Bucy Syndrome ; Korea ; Lewy Bodies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Neurons ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Pathology ; Pick Disease of the Brain* ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Temporal Lobe

BACKGROUND: Midface concavity is a relatively common facial feature in East Asian populations. Paranasal augmentation is becoming an increasingly popular procedure for patients with mild concavity and normal occlusion. In this study, we evaluate clinical outcomes following a series of paranasal augmentation. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for patients with Class I occlusion who had undergone bilateral paranasal augmentation using custom-made silicone implants, between October 2005 and September 2013. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, concomitant operations, and postoperative complications. Preoperative and postoperative (1-month) photographs were used to evaluate operative outcome. RESULTS: The review identified a total of 93 patients meeting study criteria. Overall, aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory. Five-millimeter thick silicone implant was used in 81 cases, and the mean augmentation was 4.26 mm for this thickness. Among the 93 patients, 2 patients required immediate implant removal due to discomfort. An additional 3 patients experienced implant migration without any extrusion. Nine patients complained of transient paresthesia, which had resolved by 2 weeks. There were no cases of hematoma or infection. All patients reported improvement in their lateral profile and were pleased at follow-up. Complications that arose postoperatively included 9 cases of numbness in the upper lip and 3 cases of implant migration. All cases yielded satisfactory results without persisting complications. Sensations were fully restored postoperatively after 1 to 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Paranasal augmentation with custom-made silicone implants is a simple, safe, and inexpensive method that can readily improve the lateral profile of a patient with normal occlusion. When combined with other aesthetic procedures, paranasal augmentation can synergistically improve outcome and lead to greater patient satisfaction.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lip ; Paresthesia ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensation ; Silicon* ; Silicones*