The proliferative vitreoretinopathy was a complication followed by operation of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. It was the mot, comon cause of a failure of retinal detachment surgery. It was characterized by the growth of cellular fibrous membrance in detached both retinal side and vitreous and also developed by giant retinal dialysis, posterior segmental trauma, excessive cryotherapy, endophthalmitis, retianl vascular disease. In order to prevent and treat of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, various methods of operation and drugs have been researched. We executed the experiment using the rabbit to observe the effect of retinoic acid that is known by inhibition of migration and proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cell and fibroblast in vitro. With 121 eyes of rabbit, we induced the proliferative vitreoretinopathy by injecting of human retinal pigment epithelial cell, human fibroblast, and rabbit fibroblast into eyeball of rabbits. The extent of proliferative vitreoretinopathy was compaired by injecting those cells with the group that was injected by retinoic acid and control. The result was that in those cell groups, the extent of proliferative vitreoretinopathy was significantly higher in the rabbit fibroblast group than the other two groups(P<0.05). And in the groups that were injected retinoic acid, when subconjuctivaly injected(0.3mg/0.3ml), proliferative vitreoretinopathy was effectively suppressed and when intravitrealy injected (0.05mg/0.1ml), vitreoretinopathy was more increased than the control group. This result was probably caused by high concentration of retinoic acid in vitreous and further evaluation with various concentration of retinoic acid is needed. In conclusion, we recommend a rabbit fibroblast and subconjunctival injection of retinoic acid for the study on the suppressive effect of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Cryotherapy ; Dialysis ; Endophthalmitis ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Tretinoin* ; Vascular Diseases ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

Phthisis bulbi, resulting from repeated ocular inflammation and infection or ocular trauma, causes various degeneration of ocular tissue as well as changes in ocular external shape. It shows the impression of scleral thickening with calcification of ocular tissue and an unusual ossification as well. Having observed 31-year-old patients of phthisis bulbi and band keratopathy caused by repeated operation after ocular trauma years ago, we extracted the tan brown colored shell-like firm tissue in posterior segment and report sclerotic impression of some of ocular tissue and histopathologic finding of the typical ossificationof ocular tissue during the course evisceration.
Adult ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

Secondary eyeball injury can be caused by head injury as well as direct injury of the eyeball or the orbit. Authors of this report have researched on 117 patients who were applied for ophthalmic examination which in care of the neurosurgical department and have researched frequency of secondary eyeball injury, association between the eyeball injury and the head injury, and favourable frequency of the eyeball injury which were developed without direct injury of the eyeball. There were 21 eyes(9.0%) with external ocular abnormality in 18 patients which included lagophthalmos, ptosis, paralytic strabismus, and there were 14 eyes(6.0 %) with posterior segment abnormality which were vitreoretinal hemorrhage, option. injury and papilledema in 11 patients. In association between the head injury and the eyeball injury, there were many external paralytic injury in basal skull injury and many posterior segment injury in cerebral parenchymal injury. After their injury, follow-up was executed in 3 month interval for 12 month. 15 eyes with external ocular abnormality and 8 eyes with posterior segment abnormality showed favourable progression. Posterior segment abnormality improved statistically significant at 3 month after injury(p<0.05). Secondary ophthalmic injury can be caused by various head injuries. Based on periodic observation, external ocular abnormality improved frequently at more than 9 months after injury. In cases of posterior segment abnormality, there was statistically significant improvement at 3 month after injury(p<0.05). Thus careful observation and treatment should be made in its early stage.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Orbit ; Papilledema ; Skull ; Strabismus

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between psychiatric disease and systemic Internal Medical disease in psychiatric inpatients who were consulted to department of Internal Medicine and was directed to assess the physical problems and possible ways to resolve them in a closed psychiatric unit. METHOD: Through evaluation of medical records of 1549 inpatients who had consulted in department of internal medicine in Seoul National(mental) Hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002. We classified the Physical illness according to ICD-9-CM and psychiatric disease according to DSM-IV RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) In age and sex distribution, male was 64.4% and 45.9% of the subject was 4th and 5th decades. 2) The most systemic diagnosis were disease of respiratory system, disease of digestive system and endocrine system. 3) schizophrenia showed the highest rate in respiratory disease. Rate of digestive disease was the highest in alcohol use disorder. Disease of respiratory system and disease of digestive system were the most frequent in mood disorder 4) In 1st decade, Digestive system digease was the most frequent, others were respiratory system disease. 5) onset age of psychiatric disease was the oldest in circulatory disease. In genitourinary system disease, duration of psychiatric disease was the longest CONCLUSION: The clinical characteristics of psychiatric disease influenced to get systemic disease in psychiatric patients.
Age of Onset ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Digestive System ; Endocrine System ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Internal Medicine ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mood Disorders ; Respiratory System ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul ; Sex Distribution ; Urogenital System

Taxol, an anticancer drug, blocks cell division by stabilizing microtubules. However, taxol has distinct cell-cycle-independent effects. For example, taxol and bacterial LPS induce strikingly similar responses in murine microglial cells. Here, we report that taxol, like LPS, provides a ""second"" signal for murine microglial cell activation to induce tumoricidal activity. Tumoricidal activity determined by MTT assay appeared that taxol or LPS alone weakly activated microglial cells to kill P815 mastocytoma cells, whereas combinations of taxol or LPS with IFN-r synergized to activate macrophages to lyse tumor cells in a dose dependent manner. Secretion of nitric oxide (NO) correlated with tumor cell killing, and the activated microglial cells failed to kill tumor cell targets in the presence of N'-monomethyl-L-arginine (N'MMA), a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS). Treatment of the cells with anti-TNF-a neutralizing antibodies clearly blocked taxol plus IFN-r induced tumoricidal activity as well as NO production. Collectively, the data illustrate the potential for taxol to activate microglial cell mediated-antitumor mechanisms in addition to its better characterized role as an anti-mitotic agent.
Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Cell Division ; Homicide ; Macrophages ; Mastocytoma ; Microglia ; Microtubules ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide* ; Paclitaxel*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Fibronectins* ; Macrophages* ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide* ; Paclitaxel* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence,. degree, and clinical significance of non-obstructive intrahepatic bile duct di'latation encountered on follow up CT after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed follow-up abdominal CT of 65 patients who had undergone gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy and subtotal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. We classified those patients who showed intrahepatic duct dilatation into non-obstructive or obstructive groups depending on the presence or absence of the lesions obstructing the duct. We also evaluated the incidence, degree and pattern, and appearance time of non-obstructive type of duct dilatation. RESULTS: Non-obstructive and obstructive biliary dilatations were present in 8 cases(12.3%) and 9 cases(13. 8%), respectively. The degree of non-obstructive group was mild in 6 cases(75%) and moderate in 2 cases (25%) who had taken cholecystectomy during the follow up period, and patterns were proportional dilatation of the central and peripheral intrahepatic ducts. It appeared on follow up CT obtained 6 to 12 months after operation in 7 cases and 3.5 months in one case. No statistical significance was noted between the type of surgery and the incidence of non-obstructive dilatation(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Mild dilatation of the central intrahepatic ducts without evidence of mechanical biliary obstruction can be seen on follow-up CT obtained more than 6 months after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, and the incidence is about 12%. We think that this finding is non-obstructive and clinical evaluation is unnecessary.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholecystectomy ; Dilatation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vagotomy, Truncal

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis*