Anxiety and fear,as common symptoms of psychiatric disorders,remain inadequately understood in terms of their pathogenesis.Changes in immune inflammation are considered to play a significant role in both the pathological and physiological processes associated with these mental illnesses.In recent years,it has been demonstrated that stress can regulate immune inflammation through multiple pathways,including the regulation of the autonomic nervous system,the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and its metabolite kynurenine,and the gut-brain axis.These pathways are implicated in the onset and treatment of anxiety and fear-related mental illnesses.This article focuses on the relationships between anxiety and fear-related mental illnesses and immune inflammatory responses.

Diabetes is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke, and stress hyperglycemia after ischemic stroke will aggravate ischemic brain damage. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, as newly developed hypoglycemic drugs in recent years, have become one of the important research directions of type 2 diabetes drugs. Although the existing clinical trial data have not clearly confirmed the effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors in preventing ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes, animal model studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors can exert protective effects during ischemic brain injury through mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. This article reviews the role and possible mechanisms of DPP-4 inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health at present. Although surgical treatment is the most direct and effective， it is limited by many factors and needs to be assisted by other treatments. In addition to conventional radiotherapy， these adjuvant therapies also include chemotherapy， gene therapy， phototherapy and so on. However， the therapeutic agents used in these treatment methods have some limitations， such as poor water-solubility， instability and targeting. With the development of nano-technology， more and more researchers construct and study nano delivery system for breast tumor treatment， such as response system designed based on tumor microenvironment， temperature sensitive response system， nano delivery system based on specific proteins of tumor cell membrane， etc. The author summarizes the nano delivery system， and finds that these nano delivery systems can not only improve the water-solubility and stability of the therapeutic agents， but also accurately deliver them to the breast tumor site by targeted means， improve the efficacy and reduce toxic side effects， which provides new ideas for the treatment of breast cancer in the future.

AIM:To investigate the impact of homocysteine(Hcy)on the inflammatory response mediated by BV2 mouse microglia,and to explore the mechanism of Ras-related protein 1a(Rap1a)in the Hcy-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells.METHODS:Mouse microglial cell line BV2 was cultured in vitro,and Hcy intervention was used to establish a hyperhomocysteinemia cellular model.The cells were divided into 4 groups:blank control group,and 50 μmol/L,100 μmol/L and 150 μmol/L Hcy groups.The mRNA expression levels of M1 polarization markers,inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α,and Rap1a in BV2 cells were detected by RT-qPCR.Additionally,the levels of inflamma-tory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in BV2 cells were measured using an ELISA kit.The protein expression level of Rap1a was detected by Western blot assay.To verify the function of Rap1a,viral transfection was employed for both over-expression and knockdown experiments.RESULTS:Under the intervention of Hcy concentration above 100 μmol/L,BV2 cells exhibited inflammatory polarization,as indicated by the increased mRNA expression of M1 polarization markers CD80 and CD86(P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).Additionally,the mRNA and protein expression levels of Rap1a also showed a significant increase(P＜0.05).Moreover,Rap1a mRNA level was positively correlated with CD80 mRNA,IL-1β content and TNF-α content(P＜0.05).The multiplicities of infection of the viruses with Rap1a overexpression and Rap1a knock-down were both 80,and the effective transfection was observed through fluorescence microscopy.Overexpression of Rap1a exacerbated the inflammatory polarization of BV2 cells induced by Hcy(P＜0.05),while knockdown of Rap1a attenuated this polarization(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Hcy can promote M1 polarization of BV2 mouse microglia,leading to in-flammatory response,which indicates that Rap1a could potentially serves as a critical regulatory factor in the Hcy-induced inflammatory response of BV2 cells.

Objective:Based on the principle that the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe 6PD-DPAN could bind and aggregate with bacteria, and the fluorescence intensity could reflect the quantity of bacteria, a new method for rapid, convenient, and accurate bacterial drug sensitivity testing was established, which provided a basis for rapid and accurate clinical drug use.Methods:This was a methodological evaluation study. A total of 107 clinical isolates were collected from Houjie Hospital of Dongguan City from January to December 2022, among which 46 isolates were used for the establishment of the new method, and 61 isolates were used for methodological validation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by broth microdilution method was used as the gold standard, and three antibacterial drugs, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and cefotaxime, were used as experimental drugs. The AIE plate was incubated for 4 hours, and the fluorescence intensity was measured every half an hour to draw a fluorescence change curve. The MIC results were compared with the CLSI breakpoints to determine the bacteria as sensitive, intermediate, or resistant. To simplify the detection process, the ratio of fluorescence intensity at 4 hours(R) was calculated, and the ROC curve was used to analyze the efficacy of R in determining bacterial growth and establish its cutoff value. The new method was used to determine the MIC of 61 clinical isolates, with broth microdilution method as the gold standard. The basic consistency, categorical consistency, very major errors, and major errors of the new method were analyzed, and the consistency between the two methods was determined by the Kappa test.Results:ROC curve analysis of the R after 4 hours of culture: The cut-off value was 3.0, with both sensitivity and specificity for determining bacterial growth being 100%. The median (interquartile) R for bacterial growth inhibition was 11.1 (8.6, 14.4); the median R-value for bacterial growth was 1.1 (1.0, 1.2). Compared to the gold standard, the newly established method showed 100% (61/61) essential agreement in detecting MICs of 61 clinical isolates, with a categorical agreement of 96.7% (59/61). There were no very major or major errors, and the Kappa value was 0.94, indicating good consistency between the newly established method and the microbroth dilution method.Conclusions:This study successfully established a new method for bacterial drug sensitivity testing based on AIE technology, which could obtain satisfactory results within 5 hours, providing a basis for early precision drug treatment in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ultrapulse fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-Gel) transplantation in the treatment of scars.Methods:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients with scars treated at the General Hospital of Jilin Chemical Industry Group from January 2018 to January 2022. Application of ultrapulse fractional carbon dioxide laser for treatment: Scaar FX mode treatment for hypertrophic scars, micro FX energy: 80-150 mJ, frequency: 250 Hz, density: 3%. Deep FX mode treatment for superficial scars and atrophic scars, micro FX energy: 30-50 mJ, frequency: 300 Hz, density: 5%. Manual fractional technology(MFT) mode treatment for hyperplastic scars, atrophic scars with scar contracture site, energy: 150-175 mJ, frequency: 40 Hz, distance between holes: 4-5 mm, treatment time 2-3 s. Superficial scar and atrophic scar were treated 2 times, hypertrophic scar was treated 3 times, and the time interval was 2 months. Transplantation of SVF-Gel for scar treatment around 30 days after the first laser treatment. Thigh fatty tissue was extracted to prepare SVF-Gel. The SVF-Gel was injected into the basal layer and deep layer of inside the scar by multi-point and multi-tunnel injection. All patients were followed up for 6 months to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Assess the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) score and the difference of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) between scar skin and adjacent normal skin was measured after treatment, compared with before treatment. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0, data in Mean±SD represents. Paired t-test was used to compare the difference between the VSS score and TEWL before and after treatment. P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 30 patients were enrolled, including 17 males and 13 females, aged (32.7 ± 11.2) years old. Among the 30 patients, 10 patients were superficial scars, 10 patients were hypertrophic scars, 10 patients were atrophic scars. The scars’ formation time was (17.5 ± 4.5) months. (1) The VSS score of superficial scars after treatment was 1.8±0.7, which was lower than 4.7±0.8 before treatment( t=9.26, P=0.001). The difference in TEWL after treatment was (2.48±0.61) g·m -2·h -1, which was lower than (6.85±1.17) g·m -2·h -1 before treatment( t=13.28, P<0.001). (2) The VSS score of hyperplastic scars after treatment was 3.9±1.1, which was lower than 10.6±1.7 before treatment( t=9.37, P=0.001). The difference in TEWL after treatment was (4.91±0.87) g·m -2·h -1, which was lower than (9.92±0.75) g·m -2·h -1 before treatment( t=18.22, P<0.001). (3) The VSS score of atrophic scars after treatment was 3.5±1.2, lower than 7.7±2.3 before treatment ( t=5.81, P=0.005). The difference in TEWL after treatment was (3.73±1.22) g·m -2·h -1, lower than (6.52±1.51) g·m -2·h -1 before treatment ( t=9.52, P=0.001). Conclusion:Ultrapulse fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with SVF-Gel transplantation is effective in the treatment of scars. It can improve the color, thickness, vascular distribution, softness, and skin barrier function of scars.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of ultrapulse fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-Gel) transplantation in the treatment of scars.Methods:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients with scars treated at the General Hospital of Jilin Chemical Industry Group from January 2018 to January 2022. Application of ultrapulse fractional carbon dioxide laser for treatment: Scaar FX mode treatment for hypertrophic scars, micro FX energy: 80-150 mJ, frequency: 250 Hz, density: 3%. Deep FX mode treatment for superficial scars and atrophic scars, micro FX energy: 30-50 mJ, frequency: 300 Hz, density: 5%. Manual fractional technology(MFT) mode treatment for hyperplastic scars, atrophic scars with scar contracture site, energy: 150-175 mJ, frequency: 40 Hz, distance between holes: 4-5 mm, treatment time 2-3 s. Superficial scar and atrophic scar were treated 2 times, hypertrophic scar was treated 3 times, and the time interval was 2 months. Transplantation of SVF-Gel for scar treatment around 30 days after the first laser treatment. Thigh fatty tissue was extracted to prepare SVF-Gel. The SVF-Gel was injected into the basal layer and deep layer of inside the scar by multi-point and multi-tunnel injection. All patients were followed up for 6 months to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Assess the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) score and the difference of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) between scar skin and adjacent normal skin was measured after treatment, compared with before treatment. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0, data in Mean±SD represents. Paired t-test was used to compare the difference between the VSS score and TEWL before and after treatment. P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Results:A total of 30 patients were enrolled, including 17 males and 13 females, aged (32.7 ± 11.2) years old. Among the 30 patients, 10 patients were superficial scars, 10 patients were hypertrophic scars, 10 patients were atrophic scars. The scars’ formation time was (17.5 ± 4.5) months. (1) The VSS score of superficial scars after treatment was 1.8±0.7, which was lower than 4.7±0.8 before treatment( t=9.26, P=0.001). The difference in TEWL after treatment was (2.48±0.61) g·m -2·h -1, which was lower than (6.85±1.17) g·m -2·h -1 before treatment( t=13.28, P<0.001). (2) The VSS score of hyperplastic scars after treatment was 3.9±1.1, which was lower than 10.6±1.7 before treatment( t=9.37, P=0.001). The difference in TEWL after treatment was (4.91±0.87) g·m -2·h -1, which was lower than (9.92±0.75) g·m -2·h -1 before treatment( t=18.22, P<0.001). (3) The VSS score of atrophic scars after treatment was 3.5±1.2, lower than 7.7±2.3 before treatment ( t=5.81, P=0.005). The difference in TEWL after treatment was (3.73±1.22) g·m -2·h -1, lower than (6.52±1.51) g·m -2·h -1 before treatment ( t=9.52, P=0.001). Conclusion:Ultrapulse fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with SVF-Gel transplantation is effective in the treatment of scars. It can improve the color, thickness, vascular distribution, softness, and skin barrier function of scars.

Objective To investigate the effect of gaseous effluent from the six generator sets on the radiation level of the surrounding terrestrial environment in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base after the operation of Ling’ao Nuclear Power plant. Methods The radiation level in the peripheral environment of the Base was monitored using the thermoluminescence dosimeter （TLD）. Twenty-five monitoring sites were set around the Base to investigate the variation of radiation level over a long period of time by collecting the TLDs every three months. Results From 2011 to 2020, the annual γ dose rate of the 25 sites ranged from 76.7 to 207.1 nGy/h, with an average value of (123.3 ± 5.7) nGy/h and a relative deviation of 2%-12%. The TLD monitoring and instantaneous measuring results of γ dose rate were consistent with the survey of the State Environmental Protection Administration in the 20th century and the baseline level prior to the operation of the nuclear power plant. Conclusion There are great differences in natural environmental radiation level across the TLD monitoring sites. The overall environmental γ radiation level within 50 km of the nuclear power base remains unchanged. The emission of gaseous effluent from the operation of the nuclear power plant does not have a cumulative impact on the radiation level of surrounding environment.

Objective:To study the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of scar skin in patients with superficial scars, hypertrophic scars, and atrophic scars, and to explore the correlation between TEWL and scar severity.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted. From February 2017 to February 2019, 120 scar patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the General Hospital of Jilin Chemical Industry Group, including 78 males and 42 females, aged (35±14) years. According to the diagnosis on admission, there were 40 cases of superficial scar patients, 40 cases of hypertrophic scar patients, and 40 cases of atrophic scar patients. On admission, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was used to score the scar of each patient; the TEWL of scar skin and normal skin 1 cm from the edge of scar or the same site of the healthy side (hereinafter referred to as normal skin) of each patient was measured by water loss tester, and the difference value of TEWL between scar skin and normal skin (hereinafter referred to as the TEWL difference) was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, paired sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Dunnett- t test for comparison, and the correlation between the difference value of TEWL and scar VSS score was analyzed with univariate linear regression analysis. Results:On admission, the scar VSS score of superficial scar patients was significantly lower than that of hypertrophic scar or atrophic scar patients ( t=4.403, 4.768, P<0.01), and the scar VSS score of atrophic scar patients was significantly lower than that of hypertrophic scar patients ( t=4.185, P<0.01). On admission, the TEWL of scar skin of superficial scar, hypertrophic scar, and atrophic scar patients were (18±4), (20±4), and (20±5) g·m -2·h -1 respectively, significantly higher than (12±3), (12±3), and (14±4) g·m -2·h -1 of normal skin ( t=6.889, 10.221, 5.870, P<0.01). The difference values of TEWL of superficial scar, hypertrophic scar, and atrophic scar patients were (5.9±1.7), (8.1±1.7), and (6.4±2.1) g·m -2·h -1 respectively. In comparison among different types of scar patients, only the TEWL difference of hypertrophic scar patients was significantly higher than that of superficial scar patients ( t=6.975, P<0.05). The TEWL difference and the scar VSS score in patients with superficial scars, hypertrophic scars, and atrophic scars were significantly positively correlated ( r=0.805, 0.872, 0.826, P<0.01). Conclusions:The TEWL of scar skin in patients with superficial scars, hypertrophic scars, and atrophic scars is increased compared with normal skin, and the degree of increase was positively correlated with the severity of scars.

Objective:To investigate the effect of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) on the synapse structure of mice cortical neuron subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods:Primary neurons of the embryonic cerebral cortex obtained from healthy and clean Kunming mice at gestational age of 16-17 d were cultured. They were divided into control group, CART group, OGD group, and OGD+ CART group. 0.4 nmol/L CART 55-102 was added and cultured for 12 h after OGD treatment in the OGD+ CART group; the CART group was given the same dose of CART 55-102. The neuronal mortality was measured by the flow cytometry. The changes of synaptic structure were observed by immunofluorescence analysis, and the axon length and synapsin Ⅰ positive area were quantitatively analyzed. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to identify the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expression. Results:Compared with the control group, the mortality of neurons in the OGD group was significantly increased, the neuronal synapse growth was significantly inhibited, the positive area of synapsin Ⅰ was significantly reduced, and the expression levels of BDNF mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05). Compared with the OGD group, adding CART 55-102 significantly reduced the mortality of OGD neurons ( P<0.05), reversed the inhibitory effect of OGD on neuronal synapse growth, significantly increased the length of neuron axons and the positive area of synapsin Ⅰ (all P<0.05), and significantly up-regulated BDNF mRNA and protein expression levels (all P<0.05). Conclusion:CART can protect the synaptic structure of mice cortical neuron subjected to OGD, and its mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of BDNF expression.