No abstract available.
Biofilms* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis

During the period from July 1st to the end of November 1970, a survey on air pollution and noise level was made in Seoul, Pusan and Taegu, the three largest cities in Korea. Each city was divided into 4-6 areas : the industrial area, the semi-industrial area, the commercial area, the residential area, the park area and the downtown area. Thirty eight sites were selected from each area. A. Method of Measurement : Dustfall was measured by the Deposit Gauge Method, sulfur oxides by PbO2 cylinder method, suspended particles by the Digital Dust Indicator, Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) by the MSA & Kitakawa Detector and the noise levels by Rion Sound Survey meter. B. Results: 1. The mean value of dustfall in 3 cities was 30.42 ton/km2/month, ranging from 8.69 to 95.44. 2. The mean values of dustfall by city were 33.17 ton/km2/month in Seoul, 32.11 in Pusan and 25.97 in Taegu. 3. The mean values of dustfall showed a trend of decreasing order of semi-industrial area, downtown area, industrial area, commercial area, residential area, and park area. 4. The mean value of dustfall in Seoul by area were 52.32 ton/km2/month in downtown, 50.54 in semi-industrial area, 40.37 in industrial area, 24,19 in commercial area, 16.25 in park area and 15.39 in residential area in order of concentration. 5. The mean values of dustfall in Pusan by area were 48.27 ton/km2/month in semi-industrial area, 36.68 in industrial area 25.31 in commercial area, and 18.19 in residential area. 6. The mean values of dustfall in Taegu by area were 36.46 ton/km2/month in downtown area, 33.52 in industrial area, 20.37 in commercial area and 13.55 in residential area. 7. The mean values of sulfur oxides in 3 cities were 1.52mg SO3/day/100cm2 PbO2, ranging from 0.32 to 4.72. 8. The mean values of sulfur oxides by city were 1.89mg SO3/day/100cm2 PbO2, in Pusan, 1.64 in Seoul and 1.21 in Taegu. 9. The mean values of sulfur oxides by area in 3 cities were 2.16mg SO3/day/100cm2 PbO2 in industrial area, 1.69 in semi-industrial area, 1.50 in commercial area, 1.48 in downtown area, 1.32 in residential area and 0.94 in the park area, respectively. 10. The monthly mean values of sulfur oxides contents showed a steady increase from July reaching a park in November. 11. The mean values of suspended particles was 2.89mg/m3, ranging from 1.15 to 5.27. 12. The mean values of suspended particles by sity were 3.14mg/m3 in Seoul, 2.79 in Taegu and 2.25 in Pusan. 13. The mean values of noise level in 3 cities was 71.3 phon, ranging from 49 to 99 phon. 14. The mean values of noise level by city were 73 phon in Seoul, 72 in Pusan and 69 in Taegu in that order. 15. The mean values of noise level by area in 3 cities showed a decrease in the order of the downtown area, commercial area, industrial area and semi-industrial area, park area and residental area. 16. The mean values of noise level by area in 3 cities indicated that the highest level was detected in the downtown area in Seoul and Taegu and in the industrial area in Pusan. 17. The daily average concentration o sulfur dioxides (SO2) in 3 cities was 0.081 ppm, ranging from 0.004 to 0.196. 18. The daily average concentration of sulfur dioxides by city were 0.092 ppm in Seoul, 0.089 in Pusan and 0.062 in Taegu in that order. 19. the weekly average concentration of carbon monoxides (CO) was 27.59 ppm. 20. The daily average concentration of carbon monoxides by city were 33.37 ppm. in Seoul, 25.76 in Pusan and 23.65 in Taegu in that order. 21. The concentration of SO2 and CO reaches a peak from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. 22. About 3 times probably the daily average concentration of CO could be detected in the downtown area probably due to heavy traffic emission in comparison with that in the industrial area. 23. As for daily variation of the concentration of SO2 and CO it was found that the concentration maintains relatively higher value during weekdays in the industrial area and on the first part of the week in the downtown area.
Air Pollution* ; Busan* ; Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Daegu* ; Dust ; Korea ; Noise* ; Seoul* ; Sulfur ; Sulfur Dioxide ; Sulfur Oxides

In view of ever rising water pollution problems of river in the vicinity of large urban communities, the author has made an investigation on the pollution of water sampled from Han River (Seoul area) and Nakdong River (Daegu city area) during the period from july to December, 1970. The water samples were taken twice a month during the study period of 6 months from 7 points (locations) along the main stream of Han River at Seoul city and 5 points of Nakdong River at Daegu city. The samples ware measured and analyzed in accordance with the recognized methods in the "Standard Methods or Examination of Water and waste" by American Public Health Association. The obtained results are as follows: I.Han River. 1. Average turbidity was 5.1 units ranging from 1 to 10 units and the turbidity of down stream was higher than that of the upper stream. 2. pH value showed slight alkalinity (mean ; 7.2) except Yunchang-Dong (6.9). 3. The mean value of Dissolved Oxygen contents (D.O) was 7.2 ppm (range of 3.4-10.5ppm). D.O of the upper stream (8.2 ppm. at Walker Hill boating place, 8.0 ppm. at the Gwangzang Bridge and Ddookdo) was higher than that of he downstream (5.6ppm. at Yunchang-Dong. 6.4ppm. at the 2nd Han River Bridge), and D.O in the winter season was higher than that in the summer season, respectively. 4. The mean value of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.) was 28.3 ppm. (range of 6.2-64.8ppm). The mean value of B.O.D. was 48.7 ppm. at Yunchang-Dong. 42.3ppm. at the 2nd Han River Bridge, 34.0 ppm. at the 1st Han River bridge, 28.5 ppm. at the 3rd Han River Bridge, 19.2 ppm. at Dookdo, 13.2 ppm. at the Gwangzang Bridge, and 10.2 ppm. at the Walker Hill boating place in order of value. B.O.D. in July and August (35.6 and 34.5 ppm.) were the highest and that in November and December (18.6 and 21.2 ppm.) were the lowest. 5. Suspended Solids (SS) were from 15.0 to 667.0 ppm. with the mean of 222.1 ppm "Suspended Solids" of the water samples at Yunchang-Dong and the 2nd Han River Bridge were found to be 378.1 ppm. and 283.9 ppm. respectively which were higher than at the Gwangzang Bridge (134.1ppm.) and at Walker Hill boating place (79.3ppm). 6. Coliform colonies counting of the water samples ranged from 0-2, 500x10/100ml. with the mean value of 205.6x10/100ml. The most contaminated water sample by coliform were from the point of the 2nd Han River Bridge with 640.8x10/100ml while the lowest ones were from Walker Hill boating place with 17.2x10/100ml. There was also a seasonal variation in coliform contamination that is the higher in summer and the lower in winter. II. Nakdong River. 1. The mean value of turbidity was 2.3 units with range of 0 to 9.0 units. The highest point was at Geumho River (7.2 units). and the lowest point was at Gangzung and Moonsan (0.45 and 0.41 units). 2. The mean value of pH was 7.5 (range of 7.1-8.5) and highest point was Geunho River with 8.5. 3. The mean value of D.O was 8.1ppm. (range of 3.4-11.2 ppm.). D.O. of the upper stream showed higher value than that of the down stream, and the winter season than the summer season. 4. B.O.D. ranged from 2.6 to 57.0 ppm. (mean; 20.4 ppm.). The water sample at Geumho River showed the highest value (41.5ppm) while at Moonsan and Gangzung showed the lowest (4.6 and 4.7 ppm.). 5. The mean value of suspended solids was 48.7 ppm. (range of 4.0-182.0 ppm.). The highest month was July (63.7 ppm.) and August (62.1 ppm.) and the lowest month was October (37.0 ppm.) and December (24.4 ppm.). 6. The mean value of the coliform colonies was 22.7x10/100ml. (range of 0-243x10/100ml.). The highest number of the colonies was found in the sample water at the Whawon recreation area (50.5x10/100ml.) followed by the Geumho River (33.9x10/100ml;), the Goryung Bridge (28.3x10/100ml.), Gangzung(0.7x10/100ml), and Moonsan (0.6x10/100ml.).
American Public Health Association ; Daegu ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; Recreation ; Rivers* ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Ships ; Water Pollution* ; Water*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of slow walking speed on the gait. METHOD: Twenty healthy young male subjects were recruited. The temporospatial data, kinematic and kinetic data in sagittal plane at two different walking speed (2 km/hr, 4 km/hr) were obtained through three dimensional analyzer with the force plate, and compared these parameters at slow gait speed to those at normal gait speed. RESULTS: The cadence and step length decreased significantly and double support time increased significantly (p<0.05) at slow speed compared to at normal speed. The most peak angle of hip, knee and ankle joint decreased, maximal ankle dorsiflexion angle in stance phase increased significantly at slow speed compared to at normal speed (p<0.05). The most maximal extension and flexion moment and power in sagittal plane decreased compared to at normal speed (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that only slow walking speed without any pathology may change the temporospatial, kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait, and these results may be useful to interpret the data of gait analysis in the disabled persons with slow walking speed.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Disabled Persons ; Gait* ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Pathology ; Walking*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of intrahemispheric diaschisis in subcortical lesions and relationships between involved structures and intrahemispheric diaschisis using positron emission tomography (PET). METHOD: Thirty stroke patients with unilateral subcortical lesions without cortical structural abnormality were recruited. The findings of [18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose PET were interpretated by experienced radiologist. RESULTS: In the lesions around basal ganglia, hypometabolism of ipsilateral whole hemisphere was observed in 8 of 20 patients and ipsilateral parietal, frontal, temporal, occipital lobe was observed in order of incidence. Intrahemispheric diaschisis had a tendency to expand when the centrum semiovale was involved. Crossed cerebellar dia-schisis was observed in 17 of 20 patients. In the lesions around thalamus, hypometabolism of ipsilateral whole hemisphere was observed in 6 of 8 patients, and ipsilateral frontal, temporal, parietal lobe was observed in order of incidence. Intrahemispheric diaschisis had a tendency to expand when the internal capsule was involved. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis was observed in 5 of 8 patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows that intrahemispheric diaschisis was observed in all patients with subcortical lesions without cortical structural abnormality and had a tendency to expand to larger area of the cerebral cortex when the connecting fibers between cortical and subcortical structures were involved.
Basal Ganglia ; Cerebral Cortex ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internal Capsule ; Occipital Lobe ; Parietal Lobe ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Rabeprazole ; Stroke ; Thalamus

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a generally progressive disease, even in patients with favorable prognostic features. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiproteinuric effect and tolerability of low-dose valsartan (an angiotensin II receptor blocker) therapy in normotensive IgAN patients with minimal proteinuria of less than 0.5 to 1.0 g/day. METHODS: Normotensive IgAN patients, who had persistent proteinuria with a spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio of 0.3 to 1.0 mg/mg creatinine, were recruited from five hospitals and randomly assigned to either 40 mg of valsartan as the low-dose group or 80 mg of valsartan as the regular-dose group. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline, and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after valsartan therapy. RESULTS: Forty-three patients (low-dose group, n = 23; regular-dose group, n = 20) were enrolled in the study. Proteinuria decreased significantly not only in the regular-dose group but also in the low-dose group. The change in urine protein-to-creatinine ratio at week 24 was -41.3% +/- 26.1% (p < 0.001) in the regular-dose group and -21.1% +/- 45.1% (p = 0.005) in the low-dose group. In the low-dose group, blood pressure was constant throughout the study period, and there was no symptomatic hypotension. In the regular-dose group, blood pressure decreased at weeks 8 and 12. No significant change in glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine level, or serum potassium level was observed during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that low-dose valsartan can significantly reduce proteinuria without causing any intolerability in normotensive IgAN patients with minimal proteinuria.
Adult ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Biomarkers/urine ; Blood Pressure ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA/diagnosis/*drug therapy/physiopathology/urine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Proteinuria/diagnosis/*drug therapy/physiopathology/urine ; Republic of Korea ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Valsartan/*administration & dosage/adverse effects

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy associated with cirrhosis is the most common form of secondary IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Cirrhosis-related IgAN is usually clinically silent with a rare occurrence of gross hematuria, unlike in cases of idiopathic IgAN. Especially, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) associated with gross hematuria is very rare in cirrhosis-related IgAN, although acute renal failure is a frequently reported complication in advanced cirrhosis. Herein, we report an unusual case of ATN requiring renal replacement therapy, associated with gross hematuria in a patient with nonalcoholic, hepatitis B virus-associated cirrhosis. Results of a histopathological analysis revealed obstruction of the lumen of renal tubules by red blood cell casts, a marked tubular necrosis, and IgA deposition in the mesangium. The patient's renal function and gross hematuria were clearly improved after lamivudine treatment.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Erythrocytes ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Hematuria ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulins ; Lamivudine ; Necrosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Replacement Therapy

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy associated with cirrhosis is the most common form of secondary IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Cirrhosis-related IgAN is usually clinically silent with a rare occurrence of gross hematuria, unlike in cases of idiopathic IgAN. Especially, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) associated with gross hematuria is very rare in cirrhosis-related IgAN, although acute renal failure is a frequently reported complication in advanced cirrhosis. Herein, we report an unusual case of ATN requiring renal replacement therapy, associated with gross hematuria in a patient with nonalcoholic, hepatitis B virus-associated cirrhosis. Results of a histopathological analysis revealed obstruction of the lumen of renal tubules by red blood cell casts, a marked tubular necrosis, and IgA deposition in the mesangium. The patient's renal function and gross hematuria were clearly improved after lamivudine treatment.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Erythrocytes ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Hematuria ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulins ; Lamivudine ; Necrosis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Replacement Therapy

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an uncommon but fatal complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Recently, there were some reports of advanced EPS cases that were successfully treated by enterolysis although an intestinal perforation or leakage from intestinal anastomosis were associated with a high mortality. We experienced a case of EPS in a 53-year-old man on PD for 3.5 years without a previous history of episode of peritonitis who presented with hemoperitoneum during treatment of peritonitis. EPS was diagnosed radiologically according to typical CT findings; The series of CT scans revealed how to develop in sequence from a very subtle findings to full-blown findings of EPS. Enterolysis was performed because the patient did not respond to conservative management such as cessation of PD with transfer to hemodialysis, nutritional support and steroid therapy. In spite of intestinal perforation during surgery, he was successfully treated with enterolysis. Therefore, we report this case with review of the literature.
Hemoperitoneum ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Support ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Fibrosis ; Peritonitis ; Renal Dialysis ; Sclerosis