No abstract available.
Osteoporosis*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Prevalence*

No abstract available.
Liver*

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Anticardiolipin* ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) an lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with refractory lateral epicondylitis were treated with shock waves. The patients were evaluated by assessing of pain using visual analog scale (VAS) and a simple elbow test (SET). Overall clinical outcomes were evaluated using Roles and Maudsley scores at 12 months after ESWT. RESULTS: Significant symptom improvement were observed in 20 (83%) patients at the 12 months follow up according to the Roles and Maudesley scores. Average SET and VAS scores were also significantly improved after ESWT (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that shock waves therapy could be considered as an effective and noninvasive treatment modality for refractory lateral epicondylitis of the elbow.
Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Shock ; Tennis Elbow* ; Tennis* ; Visual Analog Scale

Segmental neurofibromatosis is a rare disorder characterized by cafe-au-lait spots and neurofibrobmas, or only neurofibroma, limited to one region of the body. Disease-associated systemic involvement is uncommon. Most patients with segmental neurofibromatosis do not have a family history of neurofibromatosis. In Korea, there have been 3 reported cases of segmental neurofibromatosis. None of them had caf6-au-fait spots, systemic involvement, or family history. This report describes a case of segmental neurofibromatosis in a 25-year-old woman who had Becker's nevus-like cafe-au-lait spots and this was linked to the presence of Fanconi's syndrome in a second degree relative of the patient.
Adult ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treating orbital lesions with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). METHODS: Between April 2004 and January 2006, ten patients who had orbital tumors or vascular lesions and who underwent GKS were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS: Ten patients with orbital lesions were treated with GKS. The group of orbital lesions consisted of 5 meningiomas, 2 schwannomas, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 arteriovenous fistula, and 1 adenoidcystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The most common symptom was proptosis. The tumors were located at the orbital apex in eight patients, and five of these patients were treated with fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery. The mean cumulative marginal dose was 17.0 Gy (12-20 Gy), and the mean cumulative maximal dose was 30.8 Gy (16.2-40.4 Gy). The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 25 months (mean 13.9 months). During the follow-up period, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease of tumor volume in 3 patients with symptomatic improvement. In two patients, tumor volume increased. No radiation-induced optic neuropathy, retinopathy, or cataract was observed in any of the 10 patients during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery is an effective and relatively safe treatment when orbital lesions have a high risk of neurosurgical deficits with surgery, when they recur after incomplete resection, or when complete removal of tumor is impossible.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Cataract ; Exophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; Neurilemmoma ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Orbit ; Radiosurgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

Langerhans'cell histiocytosis[LCH], or histiocytosis X, is an uncommon multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology, which is characterized by accumulation of histiocytes in various tissues including orbit. We have recently experienced 4 cases of orbital LCH presenting with exophthalmos. Four patients[3 children and 1 adult]presented with exophthalmos that progressed over 2 to 3 weeks and were found to have orbital mass on ocular examination and orbital CT scan. Two children had concomitant hepatomegaly. Orbital CT scan showed a soft tissue mass with destruction of adjacent bones. Microscopic examination of the orbital mass showed a collection of Langerhans 'cells intermixed with eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. In two cases, immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining for S-100 protein. In three cases, a definite diagnosis was made by detection of Birbeck's granules by electron microscopy. Three children received chemotherapy and one adult had mass excision. The mass markedly decreased in size or nearly disappeared in all patients, and no recurrence has been noted for more than 9 months of follow-up.
Adult ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Exophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatomegaly ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis* ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron ; Orbit* ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Upregulation of one type of the pro-inflammatory chemokine (CCL2) and its receptor (CCR2) following peripheral nerve injury contributes to the induction of neuropathic pain. Here, we examined whether another type of chemokine (CCL3) is involved in neuropathic pain. METHODS: We measured changes in mechanical and thermal sensitivity in the hind paws of naive rats or rats with an L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) after intra-plantar injection of CCL3 or met-RANTES, an antagonist of the CCL3 receptor, CCR1. We also measured CCL3 levels in the sciatic nerve and the hind paw skin as well as CCR1 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells from the lumbar spinal segments. RESULTS: Intra-plantar injection of CCL3 into the hind paw of naive rats mimicked L5 SNL-produced hyperalgesia. Intra-plantar injection of met-RANTES into the hind paw of rats with L5 SNL attenuated hyperalgesia. L5 SNL increased CCL3 levels in the sciatic nerve and the hind paw skin on the affected side. The number of CCR1-positive DRG cells in the lumbar segments was not changed following L5 SNL. CONCLUSIONS: Partial peripheral nerve injury increases local CCL3 levels along the degenerating axons during Wallerian degeneration. This CCL3 binds to its receptor, CCR1, located on adjacent uninjured afferents, presumably nociceptors, to induce hyperalgesia in the neuropathic pain state.
Animals ; Axons ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Ganglia, Spinal ; Hyperalgesia ; Ligation ; Neuralgia ; Nociceptors ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peripheral Nerves ; Rats ; Receptors, CCR1 ; Sciatic Nerve ; Skin ; Spinal Nerves ; Up-Regulation ; Wallerian Degeneration

Pain is a sensory experience that is subjective and individual. It frequently exceeds its protective function and becomes destructive. We have met one case of causalgia, three cases of Buergers disease, and one case of arteriosclerosis obliterance. They sufferred from persistent pain and exkausted with the marked distrophy of affected limbs. Management of these patient involving lower limbs is a continuing challenge. Many other therapheutic procedures could be tried for these patients, but we tried chemical lumbar sympathectomy for these cases. With respect to the lower extremity, four patients had neurolysis of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ipsilateral or 2nd and 3rd bilateral lumbar ganglia using 3 to 5 ml pure alcohol for each space under the image intensifier. Immediately after these procedure, rest pain has relieved dramatically in most cases and marked skin temperature rising. This implied increased peripheral blood flow of sympathectomised portion and the relief of rest pain is probably explained by destrcution of the afferent pain fibres running with the sympathetic trunk.
Arteriosclerosis ; Causalgia ; Extremities ; Ganglia ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Running ; Skin Temperature ; Sympathectomy* ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans