By evaluating the health status by Cornell Medical Index in conjunction with their academic grade, we attempted to find out whether any health condition may affect on their academic carrier. CMI health questionnaire was filled out by student and matched with one's own academic score of the previous year. Academic score was classified into 5 grades: excellent, very good, good, fair and poor. Difference in number of questions between sections was corrected by standard score method with means of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Differences in number of "yes" answers between sections and between groups of students in each grade were statistically tested by two-way variance analysis method. On the other hand, influence of neuropsychiatric factors (section M-R) on the academic carrier was analyzed by X2-test with Fukamachi's classification. The following were the results obtained in this study : 1) Number of "yes" answers in sections related to mood and feeling pattern(section M-R) were appeared to be influential to academic carrier in male students, but not in female students. 2) Generally speaking, in groups of higher academic grade, number of "yes" answers in each section was on an average 50 or less, and in groups of lower academic grade, the number was 50 or more depending on sections. 3)Number of "yes" answers between sections and between groups in each academic grade were significantly different both in male and female college students. 4) It was noteworthy that data obtained from CMI questionnaire might be variable subjective by examines with some factors at the time of administration.
Classification ; Cornell Medical Index* ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD) is characterized clinically by rapidly progressive dementia with pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar symptoms and signs, and histologically by spongiform change, neuronal loss and reactive gliosis. We have experienced 2 cases of CJD. Case 1 was a 36-year-old male who had suffered from myoclonus and cerebellar symptoms including sluggish speech, gait and balance disturbance. Case 2 was a 70-year-old female who had showed cognitive dysfunction, ataxic gait and disturbance of extraocular movement. Both patients, underwent brain biopsy. Case 1 revealed marked cortical atrophy, 2mm in thickness, with neuronal loss and astrocytic proliferation extending into white matter. The spongiform change, made up of many small, usually rounded or oval, vacuoles was noted mainly in the neuropil. Case 2 revealed remarkable spongiform change throughout the cortex and cytoplasmic vacuoles compressing the nuclei of neuronal cells were numerous. Neuronal loss and gliosis were also found without considerable change in the white matter. On double immunostaining against GFAP and PrP(Prion Protein), there was a weak positive reaction for PrP in the perinuclear cytoplasm in case 1, and a strongly positive reaction in case 2. The electron microscopic examination showed numerous membrane-bound vacuoles in neuropil and perikarya of neurons. The majority of the vacuoles were multiseptated by thin membranous structures. They demonstrated curled, or disrupted membrane, that had foldings and protrusions into the vacuolar clear spaces. There were neither identifiable virus-like particles nor amyloid deposition.
Female ; Male ; Humans

Segmental neurofibromatosis is a rare disorder characterized by cafe-au-lait spots and neurofibrobmas, or only neurofibroma, limited to one region of the body. Disease-associated systemic involvement is uncommon. Most patients with segmental neurofibromatosis do not have a family history of neurofibromatosis. In Korea, there have been 3 reported cases of segmental neurofibromatosis. None of them had caf6-au-fait spots, systemic involvement, or family history. This report describes a case of segmental neurofibromatosis in a 25-year-old woman who had Becker's nevus-like cafe-au-lait spots and this was linked to the presence of Fanconi's syndrome in a second degree relative of the patient.
Adult ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1

Letterer-Siwe disease is a one of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells. It's clinical features are onset of infancy, hemorrhagic crusted papules and petechiae, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, localized bone defect, and fatal outcome. We report a 38-year-old woman with hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, scaly papules and petechiae on the trunk. The eletronmicroscopy showed a tennis racquet shaped Birbeck granules in cytoplasm of histiocyte. Systemic treatment with etoposide, cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and vincristine was effective.
Adult* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytoplasm ; Etoposide ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Hepatomegaly ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Prednisone ; Purpura ; Tennis ; Vincristine

Hantaan (HTN) virus and Seoul (SEO) virus, two murid rodent-borne hantaviruses harbored by the striped-field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), respectively, were known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). After inoculation of HTN and SEO viruses into suckling mice intracerebrally, mice became ill and were morbibund by 15 or 16 days postinfection. Viral antigens were present in brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pituitary gland, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal, pancreas, salivary glands, trigeminal ganglia, adipose tissue, intestine and muscle. Moreover, the time period appearing illness and morbidity were gradually decreased from 15 or 16 days to 8 or 9 days postinfection increasing the passage number. Therefore to evaluate the relationship between these adaptation process and genomic change of HTN and SEO viruses, we sequenced corresponding regions of the 3' G1 and 5' G2 encoding M genomic segments of two HTN and six SEO virus strains, and compared the nucleotide changes between the original stocks and five to nine passed virus strains in suckling mice brains. There was no nucleotide changes in HTN virus strains and zero to four nucleotide changes in SEO virus strains. However, only one base change resulted in amino acid change at the position 1691 (Gln to Glu) of 5' G2 encoding M genomic segment. This amino acid change didn't effect any conformational change in the beta-sheet, hydrophilicity, antigenicity and surface probability of protein structure of G2 glycoprotein. Our present data suggested that the genomic changes in the 3' G1 and 5' G2 encoding M genomic segment was not related with adaptation process of HTN and SEO viruses passed in suckling mice brains.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral ; Base Sequence* ; Brain* ; Glycoproteins ; Hantavirus ; Heart ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice* ; Muridae ; Norway ; Pancreas ; Pituitary Gland ; Rats ; Salivary Glands ; Seoul virus* ; Seoul* ; Spleen ; Thymus Gland ; Trigeminal Ganglion

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess toxicities of cryoprotectants. METHODS: Toxicities of two cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1,2-propanediol (PROH), were investigated using a murine embryo model. Female F-1 mice were stimulated with gonadotropin, induced ovulation with hCG and mated. Two cell embryos were collected and cultured after exposure to either DMSO or PROH. Embryo development was evaluated up to the blastocyst stage. Blastocysts were stained with bis-benzimide to evaluate the cell count and with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL) to assess apoptosis. RESULTS: The total cell count of blastocysts that were treated with DMSO at the 2-cell stage was significantly lower than that were treated with PROH (75.9+/-27.0) or the control (99.0+/-18.3) (p<0.001). On comparison of two cryoprotectant treated groups, the DMSO treated group showed a decreased cell count compared with the PROH treated group (p<0.05). Both DMSO (14.2+/-1.5) and PROH (11.2+/-1.4) treated groups showed higher apoptosis rates of cells in the blastocyst compared with the control (6.2+/-0.9, p<0.0001). In addition, the DMSO treated group showed more apoptotic cells than the PROH treated group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The potential toxicity of cryoprotectants was uncovered by prolonged exposure of murine embryos to either DMSO or PROH at room temperature. When comparing two cryoprotective agents, PROH appeared to be less toxic than DMSO at least in a murine embryo model.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Cryoprotective Agents ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; Propylene Glycol

Prurigo pigmentosa is a distinct type of inflammatory dermatosis characterized by recurrent pruritic erythematous papules that resolve, leaving a peculiar, reticulate hyperpigmentation. Although the cause of prurigo pigmentosa is unknown, exogenous factors, such as friction from clothing, have been suggested as possible triggers in some cases. In other cases, however, systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, fasting, and dieting were associated with prurigo pigmentosa, suggesting involvement of endogenous factors in the pathogenesis. There have been reported cases of prurigo pigmentosa associated with ketosis. Because ketosis is commonly observed in association with fasting, dieting, and insulin dependent diabetes melitus, it may be involved in the pathogenesis of prurigo pigmentosa. Here, we describe a patient with prurigo pigmentosa associated with diabetes mellitus and ketosis. In this case, the prurigo pigmentosa improved with the disappearance of the ketosis, but the blood sugar levels did not correlate with the improvement.
Blood Glucose ; Clothing ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Fasting ; Friction ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Insulin ; Ketosis* ; Pregnancy ; Prurigo* ; Skin Diseases

An intravenous pyogenic granuloma is a rare, benign, intravascular tumor, which arises from the vein wall and protrudes into the lumen. This is characterized by a lobular proliferation of capillaries similar to the more common cutaneous pyogenic granulomas. We report a case of intravenous pyogenic granuloma which showed lobular capillary proliferation in the perivenous connective tissue.
Capillaries ; Connective Tissue ; Granuloma, Pyogenic* ; Veins

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional menu value of self-selected diet in Korean adults residing in different regions. Subjects were recruited and divided into three groups according to the districts where they lived, which included rural district(n=137), coastal district(n=100), and urban district(n=117). Subjects were interviewed using a general questionnaire and 24-hour recall method for dietary intake. The average age of the subjects were 57.5 years for rural district, 57.0 years for coastal district, and 47.9 years for urban district. The contents of energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, and vitamin E in self-selected diet were 76.1%, 60.1%, 73.1%, 68.6%, and 80.4% of RDAs, respectively. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) for calcium and vitamin B2 was below in 1 in region groups. The contents of calcium and vitamin E in self-selected diet of rural and coastal districts were significantly lower than those of urban district. The numbers of food items in diet of rural, coastal, and urban district were 14.6, 15.3, 15.1 for breakfast, 16.5, 11.8, 17.0 for lunch, 14.9, 12.1, 15.1 for dinner, respectively. However, there was no significance in total food intake by regions. The food intakes from cereals, mushrooms, vegetables of rural district, that from fishes of coastal district, and those from sugars, milks, oils of urban district were the highest among three districts. The numbers of dish items in diet of rural, coastal, and urban district were 4.1, 4.4, 4.1 for breakfast, 4.5, 3.7, 4.4 for lunch, 4.0, 3.8, 4.2 for dinner, respectively. Especially, the number of food and dish items in lunch menu of coastal district was the lowest among region groups. According to these results, it could be suggested to add milk and its products in lunch menu of rural and coastal districts and to supplement fish and shellfish like anchovy in diet of rural and urban districts. And it is recommended to increase food and dish items in diets of three region groups.
Adult* ; Agaricales ; Breakfast ; Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Edible Grain ; Diet* ; Eating ; Fishes ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Milk ; Oils ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Riboflavin ; Shellfish ; Vegetables ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Zinc

Cutaneous bronchogenic cyst is an anomalous structure that arises from the tracheobronchial tree during embryonic development and is usually located in the area of the manubrium sternum or suprasternal notch. Histopathologically, bronchogenic cyst is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelia with goblet cells. We report a case of cutaneous bronchogenic cyst in a 25-year-old male patient presented as a nodular lesion on the neck.
Adult ; Bronchogenic Cyst* ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Goblet Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Manubrium ; Neck ; Pregnancy ; Sternum