No abstract available.
Keloid*

PURPOSE: This study was to measure the angle between the femoral epicondylar axis and the femoral posterior condylar axis, to clarify which axis can be used as a guideline to achieve proper rotational align- ment of femoral component in total knee arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1998, the axial images of MRI of 121 patients who sustained acute knee injury were selected to measure the posterior-epicondylar angle(the angle between the femoral epicondylar axis and the femoral posterior condylar axis). Congenital anomaly or any fracture cases were all excluded. Comparisons were made according to gender and ages and the student t-test was used to evaluate the statistical differences. RESULTS: The mean posterior-epicondylar angle was a 4.8(+- 2.0) and there was no significant statisti- cal difference between gender and ages except 3rd decade. CONCLUSION: It can induce an insufficient external rotation of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty, if we usually do 3 of external rotation of femoral component from the posterior condylar axis.
Arthroplasty* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Femur* ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

We report two cases of angiokeratoma circumcriptum. One of them was 20 year- old male, who had multiple dark erythematous 0.5 cm to 2 cm sized keratotic papules and nodules surrounding irregular shaped erythema scattered or grouped on the right lower leg. The other case was 36 year-old male, who had Q. 7 cm sized dark erythematous papules and 2 cm sized dark brown colored nodule with central ulceration on the medial part of the left upper thigh, The two patients had skin lesions at birth. Histopathologic finding disclosed markedly dilated vessels containing many red blood cells mainly in the papillary dermis, which in some, were surrounded by elongated rete ridge. Cavernous hemangioma like lesion was present in the lower dermis and subcutaneous fat in case 2.
Adult ; Angiokeratoma* ; Dermis ; Erythema ; Erythrocytes ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Parturition ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Thigh ; Ulcer

Duplication of the renal pelvis and ureter is the most common congenital anomaly of the upper urinary tract. The three most important abnormalities associated with duplicated kidney are vesicoureteral reflux, ectopic ureter and ureterocele. Herein we present three cases of unilateral, complete duplicated ureter in children associated with ectopic ureteral orifice, vesicoureteral reflux and ectopic ureterocele, respectively, with review of related literatures. They have suffered from urinary incontinence with normal voiding since birth, recurrent urinary tract infection and protruding mass from the urethral meatus on straining respectively. Two cases of them were treated with partial nephrectomy and ureterectomy, the third was performed partial nephrectomy, ureterectomy and ureterocelectomy.
Child* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Nephrectomy ; Parturition ; Ureter* ; Ureterocele ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Since Brown first described the eosinophilic cystitis in 1959, 42 cases has been reported in the literature. In Korea, only 1 case was reported from the National Medical Center a couple of years ago. Eosinophilic cystitis is characterized histologically by infiltration of eosinophils into the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis of the bladder and cystoscopically by elevated erythematous mucosal lesions. These lesions have been mistakenly diagnosed as bladder tumors prior to biopsy. Clinically, it presents with dramatic and recurrent episodes of dysuria and hematuria. It can occur in two different clinical setups. The first is seen in women and children and is often associated with allergic disorders and eosinophilia. The second presents in older man and is usually associated with bladder injury related to other conditions of bladder and prostate. We herein add two cases of eosinophilic cystitis, review etiologic theories and outline management.
Biopsy ; Child ; Cystitis* ; Dysuria ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Female ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Korea ; Mucous Membrane ; Prostate ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

There are several rnethods to correct the tibial bony defect including resection, cement filling, autograft or allograft and metal augmentation. The purpose of this study is to find the adequate treatment method of tibia bony defect through analysis of the result with above methods. From Sep. 1993 to Dec. 1997, the authors analyzed 93 cases of tibial medial bony defect corrected by overresection of lateral condyle, allograft and metal wedge or block among 358 cases of primary total knee arthroplasty(TKA) operated at Asan Medical Center. All cases were devided into four groups according to the treatment method; group A(31 cases) with overresection of lateral condyle, group B(37 cases) with metal wedge, group C(21 cases) with metal block and group D(4 cases) with allograft. The mean follow up period was 23.6 months(12 56 months). The results were as follows, 1. There were no definite statistical difference between group A, B, C and D in HSS knee score, ROM, correction of deformity. But in group D, there is one case of loss of the correction. 2. Loosening of the implant was not noted, but 17 cases of mild bony resorption was found just beneath the implant. It was particularly prominent in group B(9 cases) than group A(5 cases) and C(3 cases). 3. Among 4 cases of allograft, one has developed collapse of allograft. 4. 3 cases of deep infection developed only in group C, which were followed by revision TKA. Although further follow up study should be carried out, we concluded that resection of lateral tibial condyle, allograft, metal augmentation is a good substitute to the correction of the tibial bony defect in primary TKA.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee ; Tibia

Layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (L2/3 PyNs) of the cortex extend their basal dendrites near the soma and as apical dendritic tufts in layer 1, which mainly receive feedforward and feedback inputs, respectively. It is suggested that neuromodulators such as serotonin and acetylcholine may regulate the information flow between brain structures depending on the brain state. However, little is known about the dendritic compartment-specific induction of synaptic transmission in single PyNs.Here, we studied layer-specific serotonergic and cholinergic induction of long-term synaptic plasticity in L2/3 PyNs of the agranular insular cortex, a lateral component of the orbitofrontal cortex. Using FM1-43 dye unloading, we verified that local electrical stimulation to layers 1 (L1) and 3 (L3) activated axon terminals mostly located in L1 and perisomatic area (L2/3). Independent and AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential was evoked by local electrical stimulation of either L1 or L3. Application of serotonin (5-HT, 10 μM) induced activity-dependent longterm depression (LTD) in L2/3 but not in L1 inputs. LTD induced by 5-HT was blocked by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin, an NMDA receptor antagonist and by intracellular Ca2+ chelation. The 5-HT2 receptor agonist α-me-5-HT mimicked the LTD induced by 5-HT. However, the application of carbachol induced muscarinic receptor-dependent LTD in both inputs. The differential layer-specific induction of LTD by neuromodulators might play an important role in information processing mechanism of the prefrontal cortex.

Layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (L2/3 PyNs) of the cortex extend their basal dendrites near the soma and as apical dendritic tufts in layer 1, which mainly receive feedforward and feedback inputs, respectively. It is suggested that neuromodulators such as serotonin and acetylcholine may regulate the information flow between brain structures depending on the brain state. However, little is known about the dendritic compartment-specific induction of synaptic transmission in single PyNs.Here, we studied layer-specific serotonergic and cholinergic induction of long-term synaptic plasticity in L2/3 PyNs of the agranular insular cortex, a lateral component of the orbitofrontal cortex. Using FM1-43 dye unloading, we verified that local electrical stimulation to layers 1 (L1) and 3 (L3) activated axon terminals mostly located in L1 and perisomatic area (L2/3). Independent and AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential was evoked by local electrical stimulation of either L1 or L3. Application of serotonin (5-HT, 10 μM) induced activity-dependent longterm depression (LTD) in L2/3 but not in L1 inputs. LTD induced by 5-HT was blocked by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin, an NMDA receptor antagonist and by intracellular Ca2+ chelation. The 5-HT2 receptor agonist α-me-5-HT mimicked the LTD induced by 5-HT. However, the application of carbachol induced muscarinic receptor-dependent LTD in both inputs. The differential layer-specific induction of LTD by neuromodulators might play an important role in information processing mechanism of the prefrontal cortex.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationships between spinal canal occlusion and neurologic deficits, and between spinal canal decompression and neurologic recovery in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Kyphotic deformities, based on the fracture types in short-segment instrumentation and fusion, were evaluated to determine effective operative methods. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: In thoracolumbar burst fractures, the relationship between spinal canal occlusion and neurologic deficits remains controversial; and definitive guidelines for short-segment instrumentation and fusion have not been established . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically treated thoracolumbar burst fractures (N=112) were analyzed retrospectively. Spinal canal occlusion in both neurologically intact and deficient groups, and neurologic recovery as a result of spinal canal decompression, were evaluated based on Frankel's grades. Kyphotic deformities based on the Denis classification and McCormack's load sharing classification were evaluated in 86 short-segment instrumentation patients. RESULTS: Spinal canal occlusion in the neurologically deficient group (51.8%) was significantly higher than that in the neurologically intact group (31.4%) (p < 0.05). Although 29 patients who recovered neurologically and 25 who did not, demonstrated 20.4% and 19.5% of spinal canal decompression, respectively, it was not significant (p > 0.05). Kyphotic deformities were increased significantly in Denis type A, B and groups with more than 7 points in the load sharing classification (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In thoracolumbar burst fractures, the degree of initial spinal canal occlusion was more significantly related with neurologic deficits than with postoperative spinal canal decompression. Extended instrumentation and fusion is recommended for reducing postoperative kyphotic deformities in Denis type A, B and groups with more than 7 points in the load sharing classification.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Decompression ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation is a curative treatment in various hematologic malignancies and some solid cancers. Effective mobilization and collection of PBSC is essential for successful PBSC transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the useful factors for predicting PBSC collection using multivariate analysis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 170 allogeneic and 389 autologous donors at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between 2005 and 2012. Donor groups were divided into three groups (failure group, suboptimal group, and optimal group) according to the total CD34+ yield. Donors were compared regarding age, sex, body weight, disease, complete blood count, hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) parameter of automated cell counter, process volume, number of leukapheresis procedures, prior mobilization history, type of vascular access and instrument. RESULTS: In allogeneic PBSC collections (n=170), the collection failure group showed lower baseline (premobilization) white blood cell (WBC) (P=0.004) and HPC (P<0.001) than the optimal group. In autologous PBSC collections (n=389), the collection failure group showed lower baseline HPC and more frequent prior mobilization history (P<0.001) than the suboptimal and optimal group. In multivariate analysis, older age, lower number of leukapheresis procedures, and prior mobilization history were risk factors associated with mobilization failure. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that baseline WBC and HPC would be useful for predicting poor mobilizer in allogeneic PBSC collection, whereas baseline HPC would be useful in autologous PBSC collection. Conventional chemotherapy and G-CSF based remobilization would not be helpful to proven poor mobilizer in previous mobilization.
Blood Cell Count ; Body Weight ; Cell Count ; Drug Therapy ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukapheresis ; Leukocytes ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stem Cells* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation