BACKGROUND: Isoflurane or propofol has been known to have a low potential for hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of isoflurane or propofol on hepatic transaminase in healthy hepatitis B carrier patients. METHODS: Forty-six patients who were healthy hepatitis B carriers were studied following an orthopedic surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to Group I (n = 22) who received isoflurane, or group P (n = 24) who received propofol. The plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured on the day before the operation, and 1, 3, and 7 days after the operation. RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of AST were not changed significantly until the 7th day post-operatively in both groups, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The plasma concentrations of ALT were significantly decreased at 1 and 3 days postoperatively (P < 0.05) in both groups. However, it recovered to baseline concentrations at 7 days postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLSIONS: The use of isoflurane or propofol does not increase the plasma concentrations of hepatic transaminase in Hepatitis B carrier patients after an operation.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Isoflurane* ; Orthopedics ; Plasma ; Propofol*

BACKGROUND: Topical steroid treatment induces diverse local Wand systemic adverse effects. Several approaches have been tried to reduce the steroid-induced adverse effects. Simultaneous application of physiological lipid mixture is also suggested. OBJECTIVE: Novel vehicles for topical glucocorticoids formulation were evaluated for the efficacy of reducing side-effects and the drug delivery properties of desonide, a low potency topical steroid. METHODS: Transcutaneous permeation and skin residual amount of desonide were measured using Franz diffusion cells. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using murine model. RESULTS: Topical steroids formulation containing desonide, in either cream or lotion form, were prepared using multi-lamellar emulsion (MLE), and conventional desonide formulations were employed for comparison. MLE formulations did not affect the anti-inflammatory activity of the desonide in phobol ester-induced skin inflammation model, compared with conventional formulations. While the penetrated amounts of desonide were similar for all the tested formulations at 24 hours after application, the increased lag time was observed for the MLE formulations. Interestingly, residual amount of desonide in epidermis was significantly higher in lotion type MLE formulation. Steroid-induced adverse effects, including permeability barrier function impairment, were partially prevented by MLE formulation. CONCLUSION: Topical desonide formulation using MLE as a vehicle showed a better drug delivery with increased epidermal retention. MLE also partially prevented the steroid-induced side effects, such as skin barrier impairment.
Desonide ; Diffusion ; Epidermis ; Glucocorticoids ; Inflammation ; Permeability ; Retention (Psychology) ; Skin ; Steroids

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of protein expression by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in normal myometrium and uterine leiomyoma in Korean women. METHODS: Normal myometrium and uterine leiomyoma tissues were solubilized with 2-DE buffer and the first dimension of PROTEAN IEF CELL, isoelectric focusing (IEF), was performed using pH4-8 linear IPG strips of 17 cm. And then running 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) and sliver stain. Scanned image analyzed using PDQuest 2-D softwareTM. Protein spot spectrum was identified by assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of fighting (MALDI-TOF) and the protein mass spectrums identification were performed by searching protein databases of Swiss-prot/TrEMBL, Mascot and MS-FIT. RESULTS: In this study, we found 17 up-regulated proteins (phosphate carrier protein, 60 kDa heat shock protein, acidic calcium-independent, glutathione transferase omega, chloride intracellular channel 4, Ras-related protein Rab-11B, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein alpha isoform, type II keratin subunit protein, Cofilin 2 isoform 1, transgelin, ATP carrier protein, alpha-catenin homolog, parkinson disease 2, apo-cellular retinoic acid binding protein II, osteoglycin preproprotein, proteasome activator subunit 1 isoform, Unnamed protein) and 7 down-regulated proteins (Serum amyloid P component, annexin IV, alpha 1 actin precursor, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member EDAR precursor, peroxiredoxin 2, translation elongation factor EF-Tu precursor) between myometrium and leiomyoma. CONCLUSION: 2-DE offer total protein expression between normal myometrium and uterine leiomyoma, and searching of differently expressed protein for the diagnostic markers of leiomyoma.
Actins ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; alpha Catenin ; Animals ; Annexin A4 ; Carrier Proteins ; Cofilin 2 ; Databases, Protein ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional* ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Keratins, Type II ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myometrium* ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Peptide Elongation Factor Tu ; Peptide Elongation Factors ; Peroxiredoxins ; Phospholipid Transfer Proteins ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Running ; Serum Amyloid P-Component ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Tretinoin