PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in effects of self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and demographic factors on the physical activity. METHODS: Seventy sedentary office workers, 35 male and 35 female, from a major airline company, completed a questionnaire from March 28 to April 5, 2012. Steps and body mass indices were measured using a CW-700/701 (Yamax) pedometer and Inbody 720 (Biospace), respectively. Data were analyzed using t-test, chi2-test, multiple linear regression, and simultaneous quantile regression. RESULTS: For male workers, exercise self-efficacy had a significant effect on physical activity, but only when respondents were at 10%(3,431 steps/day, p=.018) and 25%(4,652 steps/day, p=.044) of the physical activity distribution. For female workers, marital status was significantly related to physical activity, but only when respondents were at 10% (3,537 steps/day, p=.013) and 25%(3,862 steps/day, p=.014) of the physical activity distribution. CONCLUSION: Quantile regression highlights the heterogeneous effect of physical activity determinants among office workers. Therefore intervention strategies for increasing physical activity should be tailed to genders as well as physical activity levels.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Marital Status ; Motor Activity*

Vanadate is a trace element in animal tissues and has been known to inhibit NA(+)-K(+) ATPase in various tissues including skeletal and cardiac muscles and smooth muscles. Vanadate shows contractile actions on various types of smooth muscles. Prolonged dietary administration of vanadate has been shown to cause arterial hypertension, increased peripheral resistance, and a marked reduction of coronary, visceral and renal blood flow.In isolated vascular smooth muscle of aorta, application of vanadate caused contraction. These studies have been conducted the preparation of vascular smooth muscles from which endothelial cell were removed. It has been reported that endothelial cell releases relaxing factor(s) (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF) in response to acetylcholine and a number of other stimuli and also produces vasoconstrictor substances (endothelium-derived contracting factor, EDCF). The aim of this present experiment is to elucidate whether vascular response of isolated rabbit aorta induced by vanadate are endothelium dependent or not. The result obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) When endothelium was intact, vanadate induced vascular relaxation of aorta precontracted with norepinephrine. But K+ induced contraction was augmented by vanadate in the aorta with or without endothelium. Whereas relaxation produced by vanadate precontracted with angiotensin II was endothelium-independent. 2) Hemoglobin, methylene blue, hydroquinone, and verapamil inhibited vanadate-induced vascular relaxation. But indomethacin and quinacrine had no effect on vanadate induced vascular relaxation. From the above results, it is speculated the vanadate act on endothelium, modifies the synthesis or release of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor and thus changes the contractile responses to norepinephrine in rabbit aorta.
Acetylcholine ; Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Angiotensin II ; Animals ; Aorta ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hypertension ; Indomethacin ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Myocardium ; Norepinephrine ; Quinacrine ; Relaxation ; Vanadates* ; Vascular Resistance ; Verapamil

PURPOSE: To develop and psychometrically test the Korean version of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses (K-CCSN). METHODS: A multi-phase questionnaire development method was used to develop the scale from November 2012 to April 2013. The item pool was generated based on literature review, existing scales and in-depth interviews. The content validity was evaluated twice by an expert panel. The scale validation was conducted with a convenience sample of 456 general hospital nurses recruited from five general hospitals and a nursing college in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of South Korea. The construct-related and criterion-related validity and internal consistency reliability of the scale were tested. RESULTS: The 33-item K-CCSN comprised four subscalesdcultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity and cultural skillsdexplaining 53.96% of the total variance. The criterion-related validity was supported by a known-group comparison. The reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha in total and for subscales ranging from .879 to .932. CONCLUSION: This preliminary evaluation of psychometric scale properties demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. The K-CCSN is able to provide scientific and empirical data regarding the cultural competence of clinical nurses. However, further studies are needed to test the applicability of the scale in different settings and contexts.
Adult ; *Cultural Competency ; Culturally Competent Care/*standards ; Humans ; *Nursing Staff, Hospital ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; *Students, Nursing

Stress fracture of the metatarsal was first described as March fracture by Breithaupt, a Prussian military surgeon in 1855, According to the classical references, the second metatarsal is the most frequently involved and radiological evidence of fracture appears as late as several weeks. The purpose of this study is to document the incidence and clinical feature of march fractures in Korean military soldiers. From may 1991 to April 1994, at one military hospital in Korea, 52 march fractures in 46 patients were detected among infantry soldiers. There are different findings of fracture site and its clinical features from the previous foreign reports. 1. By physical examination, direct point tenderness on the location of the metatarsal shaft is characteristic, with careful history taking. 2. On roentgenographic examination, cortical fissuring or break is seen one week after onset of symptoms and external callus is seen from two weeks or at the latest four weeks. 3. The third metatarsal is the most frequently involved site(34 cases, 65.4%), and the second metatarsal is less frequent(12 cases, 23.1%) 4. The discrepancy between previous reports and present findings should be emphasized and analyzed in further study.
Bony Callus ; Fractures, Stress ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Metatarsal Bones ; Military Personnel ; Physical Examination

No abstract available.
Ultrasonography*

The authors retrospectively reviewed the high resolution computed tomographic scans of 19 patients who had hematogenous or lymphangitic metastatic lung lesions. In all patients, the histologic diagnosis for primary cancers and the radiographic manifestations of pulmonary metastasis were established. Certain characteristic findings of metastatic lung tumors on HRCT scans were evident: uneven thickening of bronchovascular bundles, multiple small nodules, thickening of interlobular septum, and the presence of polygonal lines. The nodules are more predominent in hematogenous metastasis. The prevalent site of nodules is cortical portion of lung.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Retrospective Studies

The daily pollen counts in the air of Seoul, Korea were measured using a rotorod sampler from June 1990 to July 1992. Two distinct pollen periods were noted: tree pollens such as alder, poplar, willow, oak and pine appeared in the spring from March to May, and weed pollens, such as Artemisia spp., Ambrosia spp. and Hop japanese appeared in the autumn from August to September. Various kinds of grass pollen appeared from June to September. The study indicated that there were two pollen peaks in Seoul composed of tree pollens in spring and weed pollens in autumn.
Air Pollution/*statistics & numerical data ; Allergens/*analysis ; Humans ; Korea ; Plants ; *Pollen/classification ; Seasons

PURPOSE: This study reviewed articles related to breast cancer, cognitive function and chemotherapy available in 4 databases. METHODS: The researcher reviewed 32 pieces of literature that were published between January 2001 and November 2011. RESULTS: Within the last decade, several studies have investigated whether adjuvant treatment of breast cancer affects cognitive function. A number of prospective studies have reported inconsistent results regarding whether chemotherapy affects cognitive function. Approximately half of the studies reported subtle cognitive decline in a wide range of domains among some breast cancer patients following chemotherapy, and others did not. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy showed the most deterioration and the most persistent decline in cognitive function. Since cognitive impairment is subtle, if evident at all, discrepant findings are due to hormonal, physiological, psychological or temporal confounding variables and differences in study design. Especially, that chemotherapy may impair memory, executive function, attention and visuospatial function in women with breast cancer.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cognition ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Executive Function ; Female ; Humans ; Memory

No abstract available.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Lacrimal Apparatus*

PURPOSE: This is the methodological study to develop the cognitive function scale for breast cancer patients. METHODS: Study was consisted with 1st and 2nd items developing and testify for reliability and validity of them. 94 breast cancer patients in 2 university hospitals and 1 general hospitals responded to a questionnaire that assessed cognitive function scale. Collected data were analysed using the program SPSS/PC Win 21.0. Structural validity was determined factor analysis and convergent validity. This method yielded Cronbach's α value as an internal consistency for the reliability. RESULTS: Factor analysis resulted in six factors and 24 items accounted for 76.31% of the variance. Cronbach's α of scale developed was high as a .95. CONCLUSION: The developed cognitive function scale in breast cancer patients scale has reliability and validity as linear analogue scale witch quantitatively measure the subjectivity. Over these results, providing the way on an assessment in cognitive function in effect for breast cancer patients, it is supposed to contribute the development of nursing knowledge about the cognitive function in breast cancer patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cognition* ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing ; Reproducibility of Results