Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a widely used biomarker for assessing cardiovascular risk, can provide a window for the evaluation of drug-induced myocardial injury. Label-free biosensors are promising candidates for detecting cell secretomes, since they do not require labor-intensive processes. In this work, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor is developed for in situ monitoring of cardiac cell secretomes in cell culture media based on target-induced strand displacement. The aptasensing system contains an aptamer-functionalized signal nanoprobe facing trimetallic metal-organic framework nanosheets and a gold nanoparticle-based detection working electrode modified with DNA nanotetrahedron-based complementary DNA for indirect target detection. The signal nanoprobes (termed CAHA) consisted of copper-based metal-organic frameworks, AuPt nanoparticles, horseradish peroxidase, and an aptamer. When the aptasensor is exposed to cardiac cell secretomes, cTnI competitively binds to the aptamer, resulting in the release of signal nanoprobes from the biorecognition interface and electrochemical signal changes. The aptasensor exhibited rapid response times, a low detection limit of 0.31 pg/mL, and a wide linear range of 0.001-100 ng/mL. We successfully used this aptasensor to measure cTnI concentrations among secreted cardiac markers during antitumor drug treatment. In general, aptasensors can be used to monitor a variety of cardiac biomarkers in the evaluation of cardiotoxicity.

The contents of copper, iron, zinc, manganese and chronium in human milk, taking from different lactation period (1-90 days), and cow's milk -were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.We found that the concentrations of copper, iron, zinc and manganese in human milk declined during tie course of lactation, and that of copper, iron, zinc and chroninm in human milk were higher than that in cow's milk. When comparison of the essential trace elements intake of breast feeding and cow's milk feeding infant with the values recommended, the breast feeding was more optional than cow's milk feeding from nutritional point of view. Our results offered the scientific evidence for breast feeding and suggested that additional essential trace elements should be given to cow's milk when it was used to fed infant.