Objective To compare the outcomes of giant hepatic hemangioma undergoing enucleation and hepatectomy and to summarize our experience of surgical management of liver hemangioma.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in patients undergoing giant hepatic hemangioma resection (lager than 10 cm in size) in General Hospital of PLA,during 2006 through 2014.Patients were divided into two groups according to the types of operation.Results Of 145 patients with giant liver hemangioma,81 underwent enucleation and 64 had hepatectomy.The differences of tumor size (12.0 cm vs.15.5 cm,u =3.68,P ＜0.01),time of operation (210 min vs.280 min,u =3.89,P ＜ 0.01) and the ratio of inflow control (81.5％ vs.56.3％,x2 =10.91,P ＜ 0.01) of enucleation and hepatectomy was significant.The difference of intraoperative blood loss (500 ml vs.800 ml,u =1.85,P =0.07) and the postoperative morbidity (8.6％ vs.7.8％,x2=0.03,P =0.86) was not statistically significant.There was no inhospital mortality in both groups.Conclusions Both of enucleation and hepatectomy are effective operative approaches for giant liver hemangioma,patients with liver hemangioma should be prudently chosen for surgery,and the operation type should be individualized with the guidance of precision liver surgery.

Objective To explore the relationship between diameter of liver hemangioma and operation risk.Methods The clinical data of 362 patients with liver hemangioma who were admitted to the PLA General Hospital from January 2006 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into the 3 groups according to diameter of gross specimen,217 with tumor diameter≥5 cm and ≤ 10 cm in the large hemangioma group,119 with tumor diameter ＞ 10 cm and ≤20 cm in the giant hemangioma group and 26 with tumor diameter≥20 cm in the extremely large hemangioma group.The operation method included open surgery and laparoscopic surgery.Hepatectomy and enucleation of liver hemangioma were major operation procedures.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with intraoperative blood transfusion,number of patients with postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay were evaluated.Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as (x) ± s,and comparison among groups was analyzed using the ANOVA.Skewed distribution data were described as M (P25,P75),comparison among groups was analyzed by Kruskal-wallis test and pairwise comparison was done by the MannWhitney U test.Results All patients underwent operation successfully without perioperative death,including 315 receiving open surgery (175 in the large hemangioma group,114 in the giant hemangioma group and 26 in the extremely large hemangioma group) and 47 receiving laparoscopic surgery (42 in the large hemangioma group and 5 in the giant hemangioma group).The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with blood transfusion,number of patients with postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay were 160 minutes (125 minutes,205 minutes),300 mL (100 mL,500 mL),31,5 and 8 days (7 days,9 days) in the large hemangioma group,220 minutes (175 minutes,275 minutes),500 mL (300 mL,1 000mL),36,5 and 9 days (8 days,10 days) in the giant hemangioma group,330 minutes (280 minutes,420 minutes),1 975 mL (800 mL,4 000mL),20,7 and 11 days (9 days,13 days) in the extremely large hemangioma group,respectively,with significant differences (x2 =84.24,80.94,53.65,31.54,47.67,P ＜ 0.05).The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with intraoperative blood transfusion and duration of hospital stay were compared,showing significant differences between large hemangioma group and giant hemangioma group (Z =6.39,6.51,x2 =11.29,Z =4.73,P ＜ 0.05),with significant differences between large hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group and between giant hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group (Z =7.28,6.91,x2=51.22,Z =5.57,P ＜ 0.05;Z =5.33,4.86,x2=17.69,Z =3.5 1,P ＜ 0.05).Seventeen patients had postoperative complications with an incidence of 4.70％ (17/362),intra-abdominal hemorrhage were detected in 7 patients,perihepatic effusion in 4 patients,pleural effusion in 3 patients,bile leakage in 2 patients and fat liquefaction of abdominal incision in 1 patient.There was no significant difference in the number of patients with postoperative complications between large hemangioma group and giant hemangioma group (x2 =0.41,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in the number of patients with postoperative complications between large hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group and between giant hemangioma group and extremely large hemangioma group (x2 =24.96,11.67,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Diameber of liver hemangioma is associated with operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of patients with intraoperative blood transfusion,number of patients with postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay,and there is a high risk in the surgical treatment of patients with liver hemangioma diameter≥20 cm.

Objective To investigate the changes in high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium current in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from rats with neuropathic pain. Methods Pathogen-free male SD rats aged 4-6 weeks weighing 180-220 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg. Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of L5 spinal nerve between DRG and sciatic nerve. The nerve was transected distal to the ligature. The animals which showed positive signs of neuropathic pain were decapitated on the 14th postoperative day. L5 and L4 DRGs were isolated and the neurons in the ganglia were enzymatically dissociated (group L5 and L4). The control group received no surgery (group C). The HVA Ca2+ current was recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. Results Peak calcium current density was significantly lower in group L5 and L4 than in group C, and was significantly lower in group L5 than in group L4 . Halfactivation value (Va 1/2) was also significantly lower in group L5 than in group C and L4 (P ＜ 0.05). The relative contribution of N-type to the total HVA Ca2+ current was significantly greater in group L5 than in group C and L4(P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the steady-state inactivation curves among the 3 groups. Conclusion In rats with neuropathic pain, the HVA Ca2+ current in the injured DRG neurons may play a key role in the induction of neuropathic pain.

Objective To investigate the effects of gabapentin on high-voltage-activated calcium currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Pathogen-free male Kunming mice aged 6 weeks weighing 20-25 g were used in this study. NP was induced by injection of intraperitoneal oxaliplatin 3 mg/kg. Successful induction of NP was defined as the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) measured at 3 d after oxaliplatin administration decreased to 40% of the baseline ( before administration of oxaliplatin). Forty-one mice in which NP was successfully induced were randomly divided into 2 groups: NP group ( n = 20) and gabapentin group (group G, n = 21 ). Another 10 normal mice served as control group (group C). At 3 days after oxaliplatin administration, gabapentin 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days in group G, while C and NP groups received the equal volume of normal saline.MWT to von Fray filament stimulation was measured immediately before and 1-3 days after gabapentin administration (T1-4). After the last measurement of MWT, bilateral L4.5 DRG was collected and neurons were isolated. The high-voltage-activated calcium currents were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The peak current density and the voltage where half of the current was activated ( Va1/2 ) or inactivated ( Vi 1/2 ) were calculated. Results Compared with group C, MWT at T1-4 was decreased, the peak current density and Vi1/2 were significantly increased in group NP, and MWT at T1 was decreased in group G ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the peak current density, Vi1/2 and Va1/2 between C and G groups ( P ＞ 0.05). MWT at T2-4 was significantly increased, while the peak current density and Vi1/2 were significantly decreased in group G compared with group NP (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Gabapentin can reduce oxaliplatin-induced NP in mice through inhibiting high-voltage-activated calcium currents and promoting the inactivation of the channels in DRG neurons.

Objective To investigate the effect of selenium on proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes of articular cartilage cultured in vitro in Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD) patients and normal person, to explore the role of selenium in control of KBD, and to provide evidence for selenium's effect on the growth of normal cartilage cells. Methods The articular cartilage samples of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ KBD patients were selected according to the national "Clinical Diagnosis of KBD" (GB 16003-1995). Chondrocytes of 5 KBD and 5 non-endemic normal accidentswere separated and cultured in vitro. KBD group and control group were given different doses of selenium (0,0.0125,0.0250,0.0500,0.1000,0.2500,0.5000,1.0000 mg/L, respectively). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),flow cytometric analysis, and immunocytochemical staining were used to observe the effect of selenium on cell growth and apoptosis in KBD and normal persons. Results MTT results showed that the cell proliferation rate in each dosage group of the control group at the 6th day(0.086 ± 0.025,0.077 ± 0.012,0.073 ± 0.027,0.071 ± 0.017,0.058 ± 0.028,0.052 ± 0.028 and 0.046 ± 0.037) was significantly lower than that of 0 mg/L group(0.138 ± 0.026,all P ＜ 0.05);the average cell proliferation rate was negative( - 0.001 ± 0.001, - 0.003 ± 0.000, - 0.003 ± 0.001and - 0.004 ± 0.001 ) in 0.1000 - 1.0000 mg/L dose group, which was significantly lower than that of the 0 mg/L group(0.025 ± 0.003, all P ＜ 0.05);compared with 0 mg/L group(0. 115 ± 0.011), the KBD 0.2500 mg/L dose group promoted cell proliferation(0.128 ± 0.037, P ＜ 0.05), the KBD 1.0000 mg/L dose group inhibited cell growth (0.071 ± 0.019, P ＜ 0.05). The apoptotic rate of 0.0500 - 1.0000 mg/L dose control group [ (18.88 ± 0.02)%,(17.58 ± 0.01)%, (17.09 ± 0.04)%, (56.00 ± 0.02)%, (57.85 ± 0.03)% ] were higher than that of the 0 mg/L group[(13.51 ± 0.01)%, all P ＜ 0.05];compared with 0 mg/L group[(25.84 ± 0.02)%], the apoptotic rate in KBD 0.0250 - 0.2500 mg/L dose group [ ( 13.69 ± 0.02) %, ( 15.96 ± 0.03 ) %, ( 16.68 ± 0.03 ) %, ( 16.67 ± 0.02) % ]were lower, and the apoptotic rate in 0.5000, 1.0000 mg/L dose group [ (59.58 ± 0.03)%, (73.48 ± 0.04)% ] were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05). The Fas expression in KBD 0.0500 - 0.2500 mg/L dose groups[ (41.2 ± 1.5)%,(40.3 ± 2.0)%, (50.2 ± 2.5)%] were lower than those of the same dose control group with selenium intervention [(52.4 ± 1.0)%, (67.2 ± 4.0)%, (75.1 ± 5.0)%, all P ＜ 0.05], the caspase-3 expression in KBD 0.0500,0.1000 mg/L dose groups[ (40.8 ± 1.1 )%, (45.1 ± 2.1 )%] were lower than those of the same dose control group with selenium intervention[ (68.0 ± 3.0)%, (70.6 ± 3.5)%, all P ＜ 0.05 ]. Conclusions Appropriate dose of selenium supplementation (0.1000 - 0.2500 mg/L) could promote the growth of KBD chondrocyte, decrease cell apoptosis,but have a damage when the dose of selenium ＞ 0.5000 mg/L;doses of selenium that could promote the growth of KBD chondrocyte does not mean to promote the growth of normal cartilage cells in vivo.

Objective To study the mechanisms of extrarenal arterial blood supply of renal malignancy for its interventional therapy.Methods Routine abdominal aortography and selective questionable feeding arteriography were performed in 141 patients with renal malignancy.The characteristics and formation mechanisms of extrarenal arterial blood supply for renal malignancy were analyzed.Results Of the 141 patients,extrarenal arterial blood supply of renal malignancy were found in 51 patients and there were 87 branchs.The breakthrough of renal capsule with malignancy were found in those 51 patients.No extrarena]arterial blood supply of renal malignancy was found in 90 patients,including 50 patients with and 40 patients without the renal capsule breakthrough with malignancy.The emerge of extrarenal arterial blood supply of renal malignancy were significantly different(x~2 = 31.64,P

Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; biosynthesis ; Hepacivirus ; pathogenicity ; Hepcidins ; Iron ; metabolism ; Liver ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effect of gabapentin on high voltage active calcium currents in the injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain.Methods Pathogen-free male SD rats aged 4-6 weeks were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital soclium 50 mg/kg. L_5 spinal nerve was ligated between DRG and sciatic nerve and cut distal to the ligature. The animals were decapitated on the 14th postoperative day. L_5 DRG was isolated and the neurons in the ganglion were enzymatically dissociated. The high voltage active calcium current was recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results Gabapentin inhibited the peak calcium current in the injured DEG neurons. Peak calcium current was decreased by gabapentin 100 μmol/L and both activation and steady-state inactivation curve shifted to more hyperpolarized potentials. Conclusion Gabapentin can inhibit high voltage active in the injured DRG neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain. The alteration in the inactivation of the electrophysiological properties may be involved in the mechanism.

eiving Solifenacin 5.8% compared to those recei-ving Tolterodine 10.4%(P<0.05). Conclusion Solifenacin could be the safer and effective drug in the treatment of OAB patients with main complaints of urinary urgency and urgy incontinence.

OBJECTIVETo determine the expression and possible function of CIC-5 during the rat tooth germ development.

METHODSIsolated total mRNA and protein from the rat tooth germs which were at different stages of development. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of the CIC-5 in the rat tooth germ.

RESULTSThe mRNA and protein of CIC-5 expressed in the late bell stage, but undetected inThe mRNA and protein of CIC-5 expressed in the late bell stage, but undetected in the early or middle bell stage.

CONCLUSIONThese results showed the spatial temporal distribution of expression of CIC-5 during the different stages of the rat tooth germ development and suggested that it might contribute to the rat tooth germ development.