Adult ; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid ; blood ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Pregnancy ; Uterus ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To evaluate catheter-directed thromlysis (CDT) through three different approaches in combination with intervention for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities. Methods In this study 137 acute DVT cases were enrolled. CDT was performed through small saphenous veins in 107 cases,through the great saphenous veins in 21 and through popliteal veins in 9.Iliac vein balloon dilation was performed in 66 cases,and stents were placed in 60 cases. Results The limb edema reduction rates between small saphenous vein group and great saphenous vein group and popliteal vein group were of no significant difference (82.3％ ±7.6％ vs 81.6％ ±6.0％ vs 83.9％ ±6.1％,P＞0.05).The difference of rates of thrombolysis ( 63.5 ％ ± 7.7％ vs 66.9％ ± 8.4％ vs 66.1％ ± 2.7％ )between the 3 groups was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05 ). The mean time required for the cannulation was shorter in great saphenous vein group than the other two groups [ (7.3 ± 0.3 ) min vs (20.8 ± 1.1 ) min and (15.7 ±0.6) min,P ＜ 0.05 ].There were 12 cases complicating incision bleeding during thrombolysis in small saphenous vein group,in this group there were 5 cases complicating phlebitis and 8 complicating saphenous nerve injury.The complication rates in great saphenous vein group was lower (P ＜ 0.05).Follow-up made in 112 cases for 3 -25 months.There were 97 cases without limb edema.While test by venography or color Doppler,89 cases showed venous patency and rethrombosis developed in 8 cases. Conclusions Catheter-directed thrombolysis with iliac venous intervention was an effective method for the treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis.CDT through great saphenous vein is easier with less complications.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of Huoxue Qianyang Granule (HXQYG), a traditional Chinese compound medicine, in revising the left ventricular hypertrophy of hypertension. METHODS: Spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into seven groups: untreated group, Songling Xuemaikang (SLXMK)-treated group, captopril-treated group, high-, medium- and low-dose HXQYG-treated groups, and normal control group. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. The content of angiotensin II (Ang II) in left ventricular tissue was determined by radioimmunoassay. The expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) protein and mRNA in left ventricular tissue were analyzed separately by immunohistochemical method and RT-PCR. RESULTS: (1) SBP and LVMI were higher in the untreated group than those in the normal control group, and they were lower in the high- and medium-dose HXQYG-treated groups than those in the untreated group, but higher than those in the captopril-treated group, and without significant difference as compared to those in the SLXMK-treated group. (2) The content of Ang II and expressions of ACE protein and mRNA in the left ventricular tissue in the untreated group were higher than those in the normal control group, and they were lower in the HXQYG-treated groups than those in the untreated group, but higher than those in the captopril-treated group, and without significant difference as compared to those in the SLXMK-treated group. CONCLUSION: HXQYG can reverse the left ventricular hypertrophy of SHR, which may be due to decreasing the amount of Ang II and expressions of ACE protein and mRNA in the left ventricular tissue.

Intestinal microbiota is closely related to the human health. The unhealthy state is often associated with disorders in intestinal microbiota. Intestinal microbiota modulators such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, which can restore and improve intestinal microbiota balance, are thus drawing wide attention. This paper reviewed the research progress of modulators of intestinal microbiota.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an economic evaluation of Baofukang versus Langyi in the treatment of pregnancy with vulvovaginal candidiasis by means of cost-minimization analysis. Furthermore, provide reference for reasonable clinical prescription and decision-making. METHODS: Meta-analysis was conducted to support the safety data and effectiveness data of pharmacoeconomic evaluation based on literature review; guidelines and clinical experts' suggestion were used to find out treatment routes to calculate total direct medical costs. Cost-minimization analysis was conducted from the societal perspective. RESULTS: The total direct medical costs of group Baofukang was lower than group Langyi's. Sensitivity analysis indicated the results were robust. CONCLUSION: In contrast with Langyi, Baofukang is a more economic therapy in the treatment of pregnancy with vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with different etiologies. Despite of many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used in clinical treatment, about 30% of the patients have uncontrolled onset, and combined use of different AEDs or new AEDs are needed. The new AEDs should have satisfactory clinical efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties, and minimal adverse effects. By now there have been about 20 novel AEDs; most of them are derivatives or analogues of current AEDs. Brivaracetam (BRI) is the derivative of levetiracetam (LEV). This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic profiles, tolerability, pharmacology and toxicology, and side effects of LEV and its derivative BRI.

Bile acids (BAs) are a major component of bile salt, which plays a vital role in the metabolism of lipids in humans. Ninety-five percent of bile acids are recycled by the enterohepatic circulation (EHC), and therefore EHC is essential for bile acid homeostasis. There are four transporters that mediate the transmembrane transport of bile acids, each of which plays an important role in the enterohepatic circulation. Gene defects in bile acid transporters can lead to disorders of the enterohepatic circulation, ultimately leading to clinical phenotypes such as metabolic diseases and even death. Bile transporter expression is altered in patients with various metabolic disease states, suggesting that disruption of bile acid transporters may be a pivotal pathological mechanism for the development of metabolism diseases. Thus, many drugs targeting bile acid transporters are being developed. We provide a concise overview of the progress of bile acid transporters research, discuss the relationship between different bile acid transporters and disease development, and summarize the current progress in drug development targeting bile acid transporters.

Objective To study the clinical and pathologic features,histological criteria and pathologic factors contributing to diagnosis of mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors(mixed m?llerian tumors,MMT)of the uterus.Methods A retrospective study of 102 cases of MMT of the uterus (74 adenofibromas including 9 recurrent cases,3 atypical polypoid adenomyomas,2 carcinofibromas,10 adenosareomas and 13 carcinosarcomas)was undertaken.Clinical records,gross features and tissue slices were reviewed.The follow-up data were analysed.Results The most common symptom was vaginal bleeding.Clinical signs included pelvic mass,uterine polyps,and enlarged uterus.Benign MMT usually presented as exophytic polypoid masses extending into the uterine cavity or protruding through the external os,often broad-based,lobulated and papillary.It was hard to distinguish low-grade malignant MMT from the benign ones by gross appearance.High-grade malignant MMT had the common gross features of carcinoma and sarcoma.Histologically,MMT showed a biphasic differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial components.MMT were classified according to whether these elements were benign or malignant.Nine cases of adenofibroma without unique features for the diagnosis of adenosarcoma recurred at postoperative intervals of 3 to 96 months.Recurrent tumors were almost always confined to the original site.Conclusions Uterine MMT tumors according to WHO diagnostic criteria are not rare.The differential diagnosis depends on a multifactorial analysis.The recurrent adenofibromas may be a kind of borderline tumors with benign appearances and malignant behavior.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and pathogenic characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children with diarrhea under 5 years of age in western Yunnan, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea in children. Methods Feces were collected from under five-year-old children with diarrhea in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from 2020 to 2021. Clinical information of the cases was also collected. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from the samples after cold enrichment on selective culture plates, and the pathogenic characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica were analyzed by biological type and serotype and virulence gene detection. Results A total of 397 feces were collected. Seven strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated in three samples, and the prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica infection was 0.76% (3/397). Among the three positive samples, two Yersinia frederiksenii or Yersinia intermedia were isolated in specimen No. 212 , and five Yersinia enterocolitica were detected in specimens No. 24 and 226. Two Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from one sample were biological type 1A, and the virulence gene test results were ail-/ystA-/ ystB+ /yadA-/virF-, which were non-pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. Three Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from the other sample were biological type 3, serotype O∶3 (rfbc+), and virulence gene detection results were ail+/ystA+/ystB-/yadA+ /virF+, which were pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. While pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica was detected from feces of children with diarrhea at 11 months of age with a infection rate of 0.50%(2/397). Conclusion Sporadic infection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica was found in under five-year-old children in western Yunnan Province. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and research of Yersinia enterocolitica.

Objective To elucidate the function and regulatory mechanism of LyGDI involved delayed cell death in the human K562 cells and HL-60 cells induced by 60Co γ-rays. Methods Erythrosine B cells staining was used to count the apoptosis rate. PI staining and flow cytometry were applied to check the cell cycle. The expression of LYGDI and Rac1 was resolved by Western blot by using monoclonal antibody of LyGDI and Racl. The distribution of Racl protein in cells was observed with immunofluorescence by using the confocal microscope. Results The K562 cells showed G2/M phase arrest and the percent age was 71.3%. The apoptosis rate was very low at early post-irradiation stage in the K562 cells. The apoptosis rate was 14% in the K562 cells at 24 h post-irradiation with 8 Gy of γ-rays, and delayed cell apoptosis was present. LyGDI was cleaved in the K562 cells irradiated by 4 Gy 60 Co γ-rays after 24 hours post-irradiation. The expression of Racl protein was not altered at all, but the distribution was changed in the irradiated cells while the Racl protein moved to cell membrane and a little in cell nucleus. The Racl was activated with the losing the binding affinity with the LyGDI. Conclusion LyGDI could promote the delayed cell apoptosis, which is through the activation of the Rac1.