BACKGROUND: At present, composite resin has been dominantly applied on bonding brackets, but dental enamel is prone to the injury on the surface when the brackets are removed, resulting from the high bonding strength. OBJECTIVE: To compare the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of three orthodontic bonding adhesives at 5 minutes and 15 minutes after bonding orthodontic brackets. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized grouping control experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Stomatology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from June to October in 2007. MATERIALS: For the sake of orthodontic, 90 premolars were extracted from the volunteers, who signed the informed consents to the study. Buccal surface enamel was observed under 10-power magnifying glass to be intact and untreated, without crack or dental caries, excluding tetracycline stained teeth and dental fluorosis. Jingjin enamel adhesive (Tianjin); light-cured resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) adhesive (Fuji, GC, Japan); Transbond XT and self-etching primer (3M Uniteck). METHODS: Ninety teeth were randomly allocated into three groups (n=30) as follows: Jingjin enamel adhesive group, light-cured RMGIC adhesive group, and self-etching adhesive group. After bonding, the brackets of the three groups were removed at 5 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively. There were 15 teeth at each time point. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were measured and scored as 1-5 points (higher scores indicated higher bonding strength between the adhesives and the teeth, whereas lower scores indicated higher bonding strength between the adhesives and the brackets). RESULTS: After the bracket removal, the shear bond strength of light-cured RMGIC adhesive group was the lowest. No significant difference was found in the shear bond strengths between Jingjin enamel adhesive group and self-etching adhesive group. The remnant adhesives equally distributed on the teeth surface and bracket surface in Jingjin enamel adhesive group and self-etching adhesive group, while mainly distributed on the bracket surface in light-cured RMGIC adhesive group. The adhesive remnant index scores showed statistically significant differences among three groups (P

The hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) results can reflect the average level of blood glucose over the past 2-3 months,its clinical application value is transforming from evaluation indicator to diagnosis indicator.The application of HbA1c as a diagnostic indicator of diabetes is limited by many factors,such as multi-factor influence on measurement and its late start on standardization process in our country,optimal cut-point and the defect of HbA1c existing in the molecular level,etc.Therefore,clarifying the limitations of HbA1c in the practical application is of great significance for its clinical application.

Objective To design a type of poly (D, L) Lactide (PDLLA) cage, compare the characteristics of inter body fusion using PDLLA cage with those of titanium cage and autologous tricortical iliac crest graft in a goat cervical spine model in vi?vo. Methods Twenty?four goats underwent C3-4 discectomy and fusion were assigned to 3 groups, PDLLA cage group (n=8), titani?um alloy cage group (n=8) and autologous iliac bone group (n=8). Radiography was performed pre?and post?operatively and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. At the same time points, disc space height (DSH), intervertebral angle (IVA), and lordosis angle (LA) were measured. After 12 weeks, the goats were killed and fusion sites were harvested. Biomechanical testing was performed in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending to determine the stiffness and range of motion. All cervical fusion speci?mens underwent histomorphological observation. Results The IVA of PDLLA cage 4 weeks after operation and DSH 8 and 12 weeks after operation was statistically greater than that of autologous iliac bone graft (P<0.05). The LA values were shown no signif?icant difference among PDLLA cage, Titanium cage and autologous iliac bone graft groups. The stiffness of two types of cages in ax?ial rotation and lateral bending, the ROM in every movement was statistically greater than that of autologous iliac bone graft group (P<0.05). PDLLA cage and Titanium cage had no significant difference (P>0.05). Radiographic and histomorphological observa?tion showed better fusion results in cage groups than in autologous bone group. Conclusion This type of PDLLA cage has excel?lent biocompatibility and can provide an appropriate biological environment for bone ingrowth and osteogenesis at bone?implant in?terface. Furthermore, PDLLA cage can maintain DSH and increase the stability of fusion segments to create a good biomechanical environment for the last bone fusion.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture treatment for tinnitus by point selection under the theory of “kidney and Sanjiao communication”. Method Fifty-three tinnitus patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group of 26 patients received acupuncture and the control group of 27 patients, medication. The course of treatment was four weeks. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score were recorded in the two groups before and after treatment. The improving effects on tinnitus symptoms were compared between the two groups. Result After two weeks of treatment, there was a statistically significant difference in the THI score (P<0.05) but no significant difference in the VAS score (P>0.05) between the treatment and control groups. After four weeks of treatment, both the VAS and THI scores were lower in the treatment group than in the control groups (P<0.05). After four weeks of treatment, the total efficacy rate was 92.3% in the treatment group and 81.5% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The theory of “kidney and Sanjiao communication” can well guide clinical acupuncture treatment of tinnitus and improve the symptoms of tinnitus and the quality of life in the patients. Its therapeutic effect is superior to that of medication.

Objective To investigate the effects of pramipexole on serum cystatin C, antioxidant indexes and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease.Methods Retrospective a total of 96 patients with Parkinson’s disease were collected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 48 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated by levodopa,patients in the experimental group were treated on the basis of the control group with pramipexole, movement and non-movement symptoms were assessed by unified Parkinson’ s disease rating scale ( UPDRS), the serum cystatin C, antioxidant indexes and brain derived neurotrophic factor levels were measured, and the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared.Results The effective rate of the control group (68.75%) was lower than the experimental group (87.50%), with statistical significance (P<0.05); compared with the control group, the movement and non-movement symptoms of the experimental group reduced after treatment, after treatment the serum CRP, serum cystatin C decreased, serum BDNF increased, after treatment the glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidate (GPX) levels increased, with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Pramipexole in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease could reduce serum cystatin C, improve the levels of BDNF and antioxidant capacity, the effect is remarkable.

Objective To determine the serum levels of B cell activating factor-receptor(BAFF-R)in patients with primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome(pSS)and investigate the role of BAFF-R in the pathogenesis of pSS.Methods The serum concentration of BAFF-R was measured by ELISA in 120 patients with pSS and 62 age-and sex-matched normal controls.Results The median level of serum BAFF-R was(692.7 ± 536.9)ng/L in pSS and (279.7 ± 186.9)ng/L in healthy controls.The serum level of BAFF-R in the pSS was significantly higher than normal controls(P ＜0.01).Higher level of BAFF-R was associated with higher level of IgG(r =0.429,P ＜0.01).Serum level of BAFF-R had no correlation with IgA,IgM,C3,C4,RF,ESR and CRP.BAFF-R level was markedly increased in patients with positive ANA,anti-SSA,anti-SSB antibody compared with those with negative antibody.Conclusion The serum BAFF-R level was significantly elevated and correlated with the level of immunoglobulin and autoantibodies.BAFF-R play certain role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

0.05). The pressure on the first molar from cheek was higher than that from tongue( P

Objective To investigate the effect of H.pylori infection on cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)expression in gastric antral mucosa. Methods The expression of COX-2 in 20 patients with H.py lori -infected chronic gastritis and in 14 with uninfected chronic gastritis w ere investigated by immunohistochemical method. The expressions of COX-2 in the antral mucosa were compared before and after H.pylori eradication. Results The mean percentage of the cells stained with COX-2 was s ignificantly higher in H.pylori -infected mucosa than that in uninfected mucosa ( P

Objective To study relationship between blood-glucose change and prognosis of the patients after severe traumatism.Methods 70 cases severe traumatic emergency patients selected tested the level of blood-glucose instantly when they presented themselves to the clinic after injury,used saccharimether and blood-glucose test paper provided by the Johnson Limited Corporation,and 30 slight traumatic emergency patients at the same time were selected as contrel.Result The blood-glucose after severe traumatic were markedly higher than that of slight traumatic group,which have significance(P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fractioned radiation on the sensitivity of NCI-H446 small cell lung cancer cell line to chemotherapeutic drug and its mechanism. Exponentially growing NCI-H446 cells were exposed to 50 Gy radiation which was administered in 25 fractions with 2 Gy per fraction. The survival rate of NCI-H446 cell line was observed after the interference of different concentration of Mitomycin C given before and after fractioned radiation treatment. The survival rate of the radiated cells was higher than that of the unradiated cells with the same concentration of Mitomycin C(P