BACKGROUND: At present, composite resin has been dominantly applied on bonding brackets, but dental enamel is prone to the injury on the surface when the brackets are removed, resulting from the high bonding strength. OBJECTIVE: To compare the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of three orthodontic bonding adhesives at 5 minutes and 15 minutes after bonding orthodontic brackets. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized grouping control experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Stomatology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from June to October in 2007. MATERIALS: For the sake of orthodontic, 90 premolars were extracted from the volunteers, who signed the informed consents to the study. Buccal surface enamel was observed under 10-power magnifying glass to be intact and untreated, without crack or dental caries, excluding tetracycline stained teeth and dental fluorosis. Jingjin enamel adhesive (Tianjin); light-cured resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) adhesive (Fuji, GC, Japan); Transbond XT and self-etching primer (3M Uniteck). METHODS: Ninety teeth were randomly allocated into three groups (n=30) as follows: Jingjin enamel adhesive group, light-cured RMGIC adhesive group, and self-etching adhesive group. After bonding, the brackets of the three groups were removed at 5 minutes and 15 minutes, respectively. There were 15 teeth at each time point. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index were measured and scored as 1-5 points (higher scores indicated higher bonding strength between the adhesives and the teeth, whereas lower scores indicated higher bonding strength between the adhesives and the brackets). RESULTS: After the bracket removal, the shear bond strength of light-cured RMGIC adhesive group was the lowest. No significant difference was found in the shear bond strengths between Jingjin enamel adhesive group and self-etching adhesive group. The remnant adhesives equally distributed on the teeth surface and bracket surface in Jingjin enamel adhesive group and self-etching adhesive group, while mainly distributed on the bracket surface in light-cured RMGIC adhesive group. The adhesive remnant index scores showed statistically significant differences among three groups (P

Objective To investigate the reversal effect of verapamil on the drug resistance of NCI-H 446 small cell lung cancer cell line induced by fractionated radiation.Methods Exponentially grown NCI-H 446 cells were exposed to total radiation dose of 50 Gy,which was given in 25 fractions of 2 Gy per fraction.The survival rate of NCI-H 446 cell line,before and after fractional radiation,was observed after adding different concentrations of mitomycin C(MMC).The change in survival rate of NCI-H 446 cell line was also observed while verapamil was added additionally to the above.Results The survival rate of the radiated cell line was higher than that of the unradiated cell line under the same concentration of MMC(P0.05),or the survival rate of radiated cell line was obviously lower than that of unradiated cell(P

The hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) results can reflect the average level of blood glucose over the past 2-3 months,its clinical application value is transforming from evaluation indicator to diagnosis indicator.The application of HbA1c as a diagnostic indicator of diabetes is limited by many factors,such as multi-factor influence on measurement and its late start on standardization process in our country,optimal cut-point and the defect of HbA1c existing in the molecular level,etc.Therefore,clarifying the limitations of HbA1c in the practical application is of great significance for its clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Typical anterior cervical decompression and fusion method has many disadvantages.Cervical fusion cage has obtained satisfactory outcomes,but many problems should be solved.OBJECTIVE:To design a type of PDLLA Cage and to investigate the immediate stability of different fusion methods in a goat cervical spine model following C_(3-4) fusion.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled study was performed at the Laboratory of Biomechanics,Sichuan University from June 2005 to January 2006.MATERIALS:C_(3-4) segment was obtained from a total of 15 adult female 2-year goat corpses.Additional C_(3-4) from 27 adult female 2-year goats was used in biomechanics test.Samples were supplied by the Animal Experimental Center,West China Clinical Medical College,Sichuan University to use in measurement of anatomy parameter and biomechanica test.METHODS:C_(3-4) segment obtained from goat corpse was subjected to X-ray test in an anterior lateral position.In accordance with C_(3-4) mean vertebral height,the angle of C_3 vertebral inferior border and anterior border,the anterior and posterior distance of C_3 vertebral inferior border,as well as the distance of anterior and posterior borders of the middle vertebral body,a type of PDLLA Cage was designed and made,and the biomechanical behavior analysis about the materials was performed.The 27 goat samples were not destroyed following biomechanics test (normal control group),and were assigned to 3 groups,PDLLA Cage group (n=9),titanium alloy Cage group (n=9) and autologous iliac bone group (n=9).Anterior longitudinal ligament was incised at FSU intervertebral space.Following excising the nucleus pulposus,adherent muscle was removed and the whole ligament was remained,as well as the bony terminal plate and cartilage subchondral bone were reserved.PDLLA Cage and titanium alloy Cage were respectively implanted in the cavity of the Cage main body in the PDLLA Cage group and titanium alloy Cage group.The Cage was fixed in the vertebral body using two fixing plates of anterior alar plate with 3.5-mm screw.Autologous cortical iliac bone from three surfaces was implanted in the autologous iliac bone group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Biomechanics was tested in flexion,extension,axial rotation,and lateral bending using 1,2,3,4 N·m moment of force method.The mean stiffness values and the range of motion were calculated in each group. RESULTS:In every loading mode,the displacement values were statistically significant difference between cage groups (PDLLA Cage group and titanium Cage group) compared with the normal control group (P<0.05);and the displacement of cage groups were lower than that of the autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft group except for 4 N·m bending loading mode (P<0.05).Posterior extension was significant better in the PDLLA Cage group and titanium alloy Cage group compared with the autologous iliac bone group.Compared with the normal control group,the displacement of posterior extension and lateral bending was lower in the autologous iliac bone group (P<0.05).The stiffness of PDLLA Cage and the titanium Cage group in the flexion loading had no significant difference (P>0.05).In the others loading condition,the titanium Cage group was statistically greatest in all directions (P<0.05).The stiffness of PDLLA Cage was comparable with that of the titanium Cage and was statistically higher than that of the autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft and intact (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:This type of PDLLA Cage can provide enough primary stability for cervical intervertebral fusion.

Objective To determine the serum levels of B cell activating factor-receptor(BAFF-R)in patients with primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome(pSS)and investigate the role of BAFF-R in the pathogenesis of pSS.Methods The serum concentration of BAFF-R was measured by ELISA in 120 patients with pSS and 62 age-and sex-matched normal controls.Results The median level of serum BAFF-R was(692.7 ± 536.9)ng/L in pSS and (279.7 ± 186.9)ng/L in healthy controls.The serum level of BAFF-R in the pSS was significantly higher than normal controls(P ＜0.01).Higher level of BAFF-R was associated with higher level of IgG(r =0.429,P ＜0.01).Serum level of BAFF-R had no correlation with IgA,IgM,C3,C4,RF,ESR and CRP.BAFF-R level was markedly increased in patients with positive ANA,anti-SSA,anti-SSB antibody compared with those with negative antibody.Conclusion The serum BAFF-R level was significantly elevated and correlated with the level of immunoglobulin and autoantibodies.BAFF-R play certain role in the pathogenesis of pSS.

Objective To investigate the effects of different blood pH of the recipients on ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury to the transplanted lungs in rats. Methods Sixty-four pure bred male SD rats weighing 250-350 g were randomly divided into equal numbers of donors and recipients and the recipient rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n = 8 each). Both donor and recipient rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (IP)ketamine 15 mg/kg and diazepam 6 mg/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. In donor rats heparin 1 ml was injected via inferior vena cava and 4 ℃ LDP solution 40 ml was injected via pulmonary artery . The left lung was then removed and placed in 4℃ LDP solution and kept for 4 h. The left lung transplantation was performed using two-cuff-one-stent anastomosis technique. Before the transplanted lung was reperfused, the recipients' blood pH was adjusted to 7.4 (group Ⅰ), 7.2 (group Ⅱ), 7.3 (group Ⅲ) and 7.5 (group Ⅳ) by HCI and NaHCO3 solutions infused via femoral vein. After 2 h reperfusion, the transplants were removed for microscopic examination and determination of W/D lung weight ratio, MPO and SOD activities and MDA, TNF-α and IL-8 contents. Results SOD activity was significantly higher while MPO activity, and MDA, TNF-α and IL-8 contents in the lung tissue were significantly lower in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ . There was no significant difference in SOD and MPO activities and MDA, TNF-α, and IL-8 contents in the lung tissue among group Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅳ. There was no significant difference in W/D lung weight ratio among the 4 groups. Microscopic examination showed that the histological damage was attenuated in group Ⅲ compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusion The I/R injury to the transplanted rat lungs can be effectively alleviated by reducing blood pH of the recipients to 7.3.

AIM: To investigate the effect of activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway on the transdifferentiation induced by high concentration of glucose in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells(HKCs).METHODS: Cultured HKCs cells were divided into four groups: low glucose group(LG),high glucose group(HG),high mannitol group(LG+M),and HG+AG490 group(AG).Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of tryosine phosphorylated Janus kinase 2(p-JAK2).The protein expressions of STAT1,STAT3,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 and expressions of ?-SMA,E-cadherin were observed by Western blotting.The contents of TGF-?1 and type I collagen in the supernatants of the cultured HKCs were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA).TGF-?1 mRNA were measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS: Compared with low glucose control group,the expression of JAK2,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 and TGF-?1 mRNA was significantly increased in HG group at different stimulated time from 6 h to 72 h.Meanwhile,the contents of TGF-?1 and collagen I in the supernatants and the expression of ?-SMA were increased,the expression of E-cadherin were decreased.The expression of JAK2,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 and TGF-?1 mRNA and the levels of TGF-?1,collagen I in the supernatants in HG+AG490 group were obviously lower than those in HG group.The expressions of ?-SMA and E-cadherin were also decreased in HG+AG490 group.CONCLUSION: Activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway may be involved in the high glucose-induced transdifferentiation and overproduction of TGF?1 and ECM proteins in HKCs.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of 1,25-droxyvitamin D3 on nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)in patients with spinal tuberculosis and to explore its immunoregulation function.METHODS:Patients' PBMC were assigned to test group in which DHVD3 was added or control group in which culture medium was added,then cultured after BCG vaccine inoculation.Cultured supernatant fluid from isolated PBMC was collected at 0,3,6,9,12 days respectively for measuring of relative optical density(OD)of NO by nitric oxide kit.Total RNA extracted from the PBMC was reverse transcribed to cDNA and amplificated by fluorecent real-time quantitative PCR on the sixth day;mRNA of target gene iNOS and reference gene 3-GAPD were analyzed and compared by relative quantitative method 2-??Ct.RESULTS:OD value of NO and mRNA of iNOS in test group were all higher than in control group(P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P4503A4(CYP3A4) in epilepsy patients treated with carbamazepine,and to provide reference for individual drug regimen.METHOD:Blood samples were collected from epilepsy patients treated with carbamazepines.Mutations in CYP3A4 gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).RESULTS:After screening the 141 subjects,the individual mutation rates of the allele CYP3A4*4 and CYP3A4*6 were 0.71%.No allele CYP3A4*5 was found in 141 subjects.CONCLUSION:CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms may change the activity of CYP3A4 gene.

0.05). The pressure on the first molar from cheek was higher than that from tongue( P