Drug induced liver injury(DILI) is one of the most common factors causing liver damage and liver failure in children.And in most cases,patients' manifestations lack characteristic features.Thus,patients will develop gastrointestinal symptoms such as jaundice,nausea,vomiting and abdominal abstention until serious hepatic dysfunction.Futhermore,some patients are likely to develop acute liver failure,even death,without drug discontinuation and timely intervening measures.Early diagnosis and effective therapies considerably make sense.This review aims to illustrate the mechanism,manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of DILI in children,in order to promote the early treatment of the disease,reduce the serious complications and improve survival rate in clinical work.

AIM To study the effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX) on the pharmacokinetics of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)in Walker 256 tumor bearing rats. METHODS Walker 256 tumor bearing rats were treated ip for 4 days with saline or CTX in saline (20 mg?kg -1 ), then received iv BSO 200 mg?kg -1 . BSO concentration in rat plasma was determined by a reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence detection after precolumn derivatization with o phthaldialdehyde. Compartment model and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by 3P87 software processed on a computer. RESULTS A single intravenous dose of BSO 200 mg?kg -1 was eliminated from plasma in a two compartment manner in tumor bearing rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of BSO were as follows: In tumor bearing control rats, T 1/2? =(11 1?2 4) min, T 1/2? =(65?14) min, CLs=(12 8?1 3) ml?min -1 ?kg -1 , AUC=(262?26) mg?L -1 ?h; in tumor bearing CTX treated rats, T 1/2? =(8 2?1 8) min, T 1/2? =(42?3) min, CLs=(13 4?1 9) ml?min -1 ?kg -1 ,AUC=(252?35) mg ?L -1 ?h. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference between the parameters of tumor bearing control and CTX treated rats except T 1/2? .

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of gastrodin in Choudongning capsule. METHODS:The sample was determined on Elite C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m);the mobile phase consisted of methanol -water(3∶97) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1;the detection wavelength was set at 221 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of gastrodin was from 0.051 ?g to 0.357 ?g(r=0.999 9) and its average recovery was 98.99%(RSD=1.91%,n=6).CONCL-USION:The method is convenient,accurate and reproducible,and it is applicable for the quality control of Choudongning capsule.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the quality of drug consultation.METHODS:The drug consultation records of a total of 1 663 cases in our hospital from July 2004 to July 2007 were analyzed statistically by a retrospective method.RESULTS:Of the drug consultation records of a total of 1 663 cases,the chief questions consulted were adverse drug reactions and long-term medication safety(25.2%),dosage and administration(21.1%),medication for special populations(9.7%),drug interactions(8.1%),pharmacological action and indications(7.1%),and generic name and composition of drugs(5.2%).CONCLUSION:The drug consultation service in our hospital achieved a remarkable efficacy in guiding physicians and pharmacists on rational drug use;however,it has its problems and remains to be improved further.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the contents of cinobufagin and resibufogenin in Yigankang capsule.METHODS:The samples were separated on Spherigel ODS C18(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)chromatographic column with 0.5% KH2PO4-acetonitrile(50∶50,pH was adjusted to 3.2 by phosphoric acid)used as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 296 nm and the column temperature was kept at 40 ℃.RESULTS:The linear ranges of cinobufagin and resibufogenin were 0.22～1.09 ?g(r=0.999 8)and 0.26～1.30 ?g(r=0.999 9),respectively,and the average recoveries of cinobufagin and resibufogenin were 99.4%(RSD=1.9%,n=9)and 98.7%(RSD=1.4%,n=9),respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is proved to be sensitive,simple,accurate and specific,and it is applicable for the quality control of Yigankang capsule.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diammonium glycyrrhizinate in the treatment of drug-induced liver injury according to present clinical studies. METHODS: Retrieved from CBM and the CNKI from 1994 to 2009, literatures about the randomized controlled trials that the effective rate of diammonium glycyrrhizinate was compared with that of other hepatoprotective with drug-induced liver injury and drug-induced liver disease as study subjects. RESULTS: 18 RCTs including 1,644 patients with drug-induced liver injury were enrolled. The effective rate of diammonium glycyrrhizinate group was higher than that of control group, statistical significance was noted in two groups (P

Objective To explore the main affecting factors on sanitary quality of public places and to assess the sanitary quality scientifically. Methods The sanitary qualities of 6 kinds of public places of entertainment in Taiyuan during 1998～2000 were assessed using the method of compreheusive fuzzy assessmeat. Results All of 6 kinds of public places revealed similar sanitary qualities. All of the sanitary indexes accorded with the related National Sanitary Standards. The sanitary qualities were better for ballrooms, theaters, bar and billiard rooms in hotels with Grade Ⅰ quality, and were worse for tennis and bowling halls with Grade Ⅱ quality. The assessments on single index showed that the affecting factors of sanitary quality of public places of entertainment were the levels of CO2, noise and CO. Conclusion The sanitary quality of entertainment public places was better during 1998～2000.

Buthionine salfoximine (BSO) is a chemotherapeutic sensitizor under clinical trial. BSO can reverse multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. The author reviewed the mechanism, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and the progress in clinical research of BSO. BSO is a selective inhibitor of 7-glutamylcysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in gluthionine synthesis. Depletion of intracellular gluthionine by BSO can reverse tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic a-gents such as platinating and alkylating agents. In tumor-bearing animals BSO enhanced the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents. Animals treated with BSO had a longer life span. Pharmacokinetics of BSO was a two-compartment manner in mice, dogs and huamn beings. The efficacy of BSO in cancer patients is being investigated in clinical trial.

[Objective]To investigate the expression of Survivin and its relationship with expression of PTEN and cyclinD1.[Method]Immonohistochemical method(SP method)was used to detect the expression of Survivin,PTEN and cyclinDl in 40 osteosarcoma tissues and 20 ostanchondroma tissues.[Result]The expression rate of Survivin was significantly higher in osteosarcoma(62.5%)than that in osteochondroma(10.0%)(P

Only in recent years, attentions have been drawn to the significance of expressing killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) in T cells KIRs specifically bind to the corresponding region of the MHC class I molecules and transmit negative signals to prevent cytotoxity of T cells. When the ligands of KIRs are missing, the lysis of the target cells can't be avoided. Perhaps the existence of KIRs is the main mechanism for preventing T cells from attacking autologous tissues. The recognition mechanism of the interaction between the KIR + donor T cells and the recipient's MHC class I molecule expressing tissue cells might shed light on the establishment of the immunotolerance for the prevention of allo-graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease.